Unit2.2H!!Eye Disparities and Depth Perception Concepts

Retinal Disparity

Each eye sees a slightly different image. The brain uses the difference to judge depth. → Greater disparity = closer object

Binocular Disparity

Another term for retinal disparity.

Stereopsis

Brain's fusion of two images into one 3D perception. → Based on disparity but is the result of it.

Retinal Convergence

Eyes turn inward more for closer objects. → More convergence = closer object

Visual Cliff Experiment

Used to determine if depth perception is learned or innate. → Concluded it is innate.

Relative Size

Distant objects appear smaller on the retina.

Texture Gradient

Farther objects look smoother; closer objects reveal more detail.

Interposition (Occlusion)

Nearer objects block view of farther ones.

Linear Perspective

Parallel lines seem to converge in the distance.

Vanishing Point

Point where parallel lines appear to meet/disappear.

Relative Clarity

Fuzzier, less distinct images = appear farther away.

Constancy

Objects stay the same size despite changes in appearance from distance. → Innate ability, experience refines it.

Motion Detection

Brain detects motion through: Object's movement across the retina. Head movement tracking the stimulus.

Apparent Motion

Still images shown in succession create perception of movement.

Phi Phenomenon

Blinking lights create the illusion of motion.

Stroboscopic Effect

Movies or animations use fast sequences of still frames to suggest movement.

Autokinetic Effect

A stationary light appears to move when seen in the dark.

Concept

Mental grouping used to categorize the world.

Typicality

How well an object matches the average example of a concept.

Prototype

The most typical example of a concept (e.g., a generic "chair").

Exemplar

A specific example of a concept you recall (e.g., your desk chair).

Superordinate Concept

Broadest category. → Example: Food

Basic Concept

More specific, but still general. → Example: Bread

Subordinate Concept

Most specific category. → Example: Rye bread