pre ap review quiz 2

**medieval system of economic self sufficiency** 

\
manorialism

Lord provided **serfs** with

housing protection and land

built by lords for defense 

castles

influenced changes in religion, society, politics, and economics

The Crusades

called on all Christians to unite and fight a holy Crusade

Urban II

In addition to European demand for products, the Crusades also led to 

intolerance

The Byzantine capital

Constantinople

ruled the Byzantine Empire at its height; Became Emperor in 527

Justinian

codification of all previous Roman laws - basis for future legal systems 

Justinian's Code

Persuaded Justinian to issue a decree giving a wife the right to own land

Theodora

devised an alphabet that helped spread Orthodox Christianity to the Slavic peoples 

Cyril and Methodius

**Grand Canal** built that unified the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers – brought China together

Sui Dynastty

**Tang Dynasty (618 CE)**

Scholar-Gentry emerged from examinations (an elite class of government officials)

philosophy that the world is real and good comes from participation in it – not withdrawal

Neo Confucianism

**Song Dynasty**

est. 960 CE

new strain that could be harvested more than once a year

Champa

established the Yuan Dynasty

Kublai Khan

reported to Europe about the greatness of the Yuan Dynasty 

Marco Polo

founded Yi dynasty

Yi Song-gye

early example of a novel 

Tale of Genji

south of Asia Minor (Between the Red Sea and Persian Gulf)

The Arabian Peninsula

 prophet of Islam; Born in Makkah- 570 CE

Muhammad

town north of Makkah

Yathrib

the foundation of an Islamic state

Madinah Compact

body of law which covers all aspects of Muslim private and public life

Shariah

successor to Islamic political and religious leadership

Caliph

believed that the caliph should only be descendants of Muhammad

Shi'ite

**copied ancient Greek and Roman texts and translated them into Arabic**

Muslim scholars

Islamic art

emphasis on geometric design

Islamic medical innovation 

diagnosis of measles

Technological borrowing of the Islamic world

astrolabe, lateen sail

Ruled from 661-750

Expanded to the borders of India, North Africa, and into Spain

Umayyad Caliphate

Built **Baghdad** on the banks of the Tigris River (Present day Iraq) and made it the new capital.

Abbasid Caliphate

Responsible for the conquest of Constantinope in 1453 

Ottomans

Islamic Realm 

dar al Islam

**nearly doubled the borders of his kingdom** to include Germany, France, northern Spain, and most of Italy

Charlemagne

**the spreading out of the Jewish demographic in Medieval Europe** 

diaspora

**medieval system of mutual responsibility between lord and vassal** 

feudalism

**religious practice of full devotion to faith and withdrawal from the outside world**

Monasticism

"of the world"

secular

savior sent by god

Messiah

old and new testament

Bible

**founded the Christian Church in Rome**

Peter

His authority becomes an issue of **controversy** and debate

The Pope

many later emperors of Rome were

weak and ineffective

paid soldiers

mercenaries

led to economic difficulties

inflation and unemployment

**Goths and the Huns**

invaders of Rome

Roman concepts of justice, equality before the law and natural law based on reason influenced

later legal systems

Architectural style developed by Romans 

the arch

Language(s) that evolved from Latin 

spanish, french, italian

Built by Romans - connected major cities 

roads and aqueducts

**900-500 B.C.- ruled North Italy and did not speak Indo- European languages**

**900-500 B.C.- ruled North Italy and did not speak Indo- European languages**

Legendary founders of Rome

Romulus and Remus

Roman wealthy class

Patricians

Plebeian representatives

tribunes

a community in which the people elect their leaders

Republic

Hero of the common people 

Caesar

Members of the triumvirate

Caesar, Crassus, Pompey

**gave himself title Augustus or “Majestic One”**

Octavian

Free grain was imported into Rome from 

North Africa

**31 B.C. to 180 A.D**.- Roman period of relative **peace and prosperity**

Pax Romana

Architectural achievement(s) of the Pax Romana

coliseum, circus maximus, aqueducts

Technology/knowledge that facilitated long distance trade

Algebra

developed across far flung networks of communication and exchange.

technology, food crops, disease pathogens

spread in the wake of collapsing empires.

Christianity and Buddhism

**Includes the Balkan Peninsula and a group of surrounding islands**

Greek geography

Epic poems set during the **Trojan War**

Illiad and Odyssey

What kinds of qualities did Greek gods possess?

human

fortified hill - found in the center of a polis

acropolis

Southern Greece

Peloponnesus

Spartan slaves

helots

Topics studied in Athenian schools

arithmetic and geometry

An organize system of thought - "love of knowledge"

philosophy

**Socrates’ student – questioned reality**

Plato

Greek book that espouses a lack of trust in democracy

The Republic

Wrote about ethics, logic, politics, poetry, astronomy, geology, biology, and physics

Aristotle

stretched from **Egypt and Macedonia in the west to the Indus River in the east**

Alexander's Empire

After Alexander's death a series of __________ arose where his empire had been.

successor kingdoms

Greek ways mixed with other cultures 

Hellenistic

Major intellectual center with many museums

Alexandria