Ch. 6: Mood Disorders, OCD, & Personality Disorder

Mood

A general feeling, not a reaction to a particular situation

Mood

Any short-lived emotional state, usually low intensity

Mood

A disposition to respond emotionally in a particular way that may last for hours, days, or even weeks, perhaps at low level and without the person knowing what prompyed state

Euphoric, Dysphoric

Two types of euphoria

Euphoric mood

Feeling state that is more cheerful and elated than average possibly even ecstatic

Dysphoric mood

Unpleasant feelings, such as sadness and irritability

Episode

A time-limited period during which specific symptoms of a disorder are present.

Rate severity, note whether it is the first episode or recurrence, specify nature of a prominent syptoms

What would clinicians do during an episode?

Mood disorders

Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotion (mood)

Major depressive episode

Extremely depressed mood state that lasts at least 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms and physical symptoms.

Mania

Episode of joy and euphoria marked by individual's extreme pleasure in every activity, hyperactivity, and little sleep

Hypomania

Less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning

Dysphoric manic or mixed episode

The individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time

Unipolar mood disorder

Individuals experiences either depression or mania but not both

Bipolar mood disorder

Indviduals alternate between depression and mania

Major depressive disorder

Defined by the presence of depression and the absence of manic, or hypomanic episodes, before or during the disorder

Persistent depressive disorder / dysthymia

A depressed mood that continues to at least 2 years, during which the patient cannot be sumptom free for more than 2 months at a time even though they may not experience all of the symptoms of a major depressive episode

Persistent depressive disorder / dysthymia

Shares many of the symptoms of MDD but differs on its course.

Double depression

Individual experiences both major depressive episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms

Severe temper outburst

Key feature of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Melancholic feature

People lose interest or pleasure in most daily activities

Seasonal pattern

Develop a depressive episode at about the same time each year, usually 2 months in fall or winter

With pure dysthymic syndrom

Full criteria for a major depressive episode have not been met in at least the preceding 2 years

With persistent major depressive episode

Full criteria for a major depressive episode have been met throughout the preceding 2 year period

With intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode

Full criteria for a major depressive episode are currently met, but there have been periods of at least 8 weeks in at least the preceding 2 years with symptoms below the threshold for a full major depressive episode

With intermittent major depressive episodes, without current episode

Full criteria for a major depressive episode are not currently met, but there has been one or more major depressive episodes in at least the preceding 2 years.

Manic

Individuals find extreme pleasure in every activity

Flight of ideas

Speech is typically rapid and may become incoherent, because the individual is attempting to express so manu exciting ideas at once.

Hypomanic

A less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning and need last only 4 days rather than a full week

Hypo

This means below; thus the episode is below the level of a manic episode

At least 1 week ; 4 consecutive days

Duration:

Manic: _____ ; Hypomanic: ______

Bipolar I disorder

Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode

Bipolar II disorder

At least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

Bipolar I

Type of bipolar disorder that may have psychotic features

Bipolar II

Type of bipolar that may have suicidal ideation

Cyclothymic disorder

Hypomania with mild depressive episode in a least 2 years in duration

18 to 24

Age range of highest rate of committing suicide

4th

Suicide is the ___ leading cause of death of children ages 10 to 14 in America

3rd

Suicide is the ___ most common cause of death for ages 15 to 24 in America

Needing to escape , Desire to communicate

2 main reasons of suicide

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The devastating culmination of anxiety disorders

Obsessions

Intrusive, persistent, and uncontollable thoughts or urges and experienced as irrational

Obsessions

Are intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted

Compulsion

Impulse to repeat certain behaviors or mental acts to avoid distress and extremely difficut to resist the impulse

Compulsion

May involve elaboraye behavioral rituals

Compulsion

The thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief

Compulsion

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsessions or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.

Body dysmorphic disorder

Characterized by preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearace that are not observable or appear only slight to others, and by repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns

Body dysmorphic disorder

Referred to as “ imagined ugliness”

Dysmorphophobia

Body dysmorphic disorder is formerly known as this

Muscle dysmorphia

The individual is preoccupied with the idea that his or her body build is too small or insufficiently muscular.

Hoarding disorder

Characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value, as a result of strong perceived need to save the items and to distress associated with discarding them

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A promising treatment for hoarding disorder

Animal hoarding

Accumulation of a large number of animals and a failure to provide animal standards of nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care and to act on the detoriating conditions of the animals and the environment

Trichotillomania disorder

Characterized by recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in hair loss, and repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling

Scalp, eyebrows, eyelids

Common sites of pulling hair

Excoriation disorder

Characterized by recurrent picking of one's skin resulting in skin lesions and repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking

Face, arms, hands

Most commonly picked sites for skin picking

Personality disorders

Associated with ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others that significantly and adversely affect how an individual functions in many aspects of life

Personality disorder

A persistent patten of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships

Personality disorder

An enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress and impairment.

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Personality disorders under cluster A

Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline

Personality disorders under cluster B

Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Personality disorders under cluster C

Cluster a

Appear odd or eccentric

Paranoid personality disorder

A pattern of distruct and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent

Paranoid personality disorder

Excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others, without any justification

Paranoid personality disorder

Assumes that other people are out to harm and trick them

Get fact

Abreviation for symptoms of paranoid personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder

A pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Schizoid

A term used by Bleuler to describe people who have a tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world

Schizoid personality disorder

They seem aloof, cold, and indifferent to other people and were said to lack emotional expressiveness and pursued vague interest

Schizoid personality disorder

Have social isolation, poor rapport, and constricted affect

Sir safe

Abbreviation for symptoms of schizoid personality disorder

Schizotypal personality disorder

A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior

Schizotypal personality disorder

Are typically socially isolated and tend to be passive and unengaged and are hypersensitive to criticism

Schizotype

Word used to describe people who were predisposed to develop schizophrenia

UFO aider

Abbreviation for the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder

Paranoid

Suspicious, hypersensitive, secretive

Schizoid

Seclusive, indifferent, passive

Schizotypal

Odd thinking, bizarre fantasy, peculiar language

Cluster b

Appear dramatic, emotional, or erratic

Antisocial personality disorder

A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

Antisocial personal disorder

Failure to comply with social norms and labeled as moral insanity, egopathy, sociopathy, psychopathy, and dyssocial personality disorder

Philippe Pinel

He first identified antisocial personality disorder as a medical problem

Callous man

Abbreviation of the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

Borderline personality disorder

Their moods and relationships are unstable, and usually they have poor self-image

I raised a pain

Abbreviation for the symptoms of borderline personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder

A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

Histrionic personality disorder

Tend to be overly dramatic and often seem almost to be acting

Histrionic personality disorder

Inclined to express their emotions in an exaggerated fashion

I crave sin

Abbreviation for the symptoms of histrionic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Narcissistic personality disorder

Consider themselves as different from others and deserving of special treatment

Narcissistic

Used to describe people who show an exaggerated sense of self-importance and are preoccupied with receiving attention

Grandiosity

Exaggerated feelings and their fantasies of greatness

A fame game

Abbreviation for the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder

Histrionic

Attention seeking, flamboyant, proactive