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Vocabulary from Chapter 6 The Skeletal System
6 functions of the skeletal system
Storage
Movement
Structure
Protection
Breathing
Blood cells
Are bones alive?
While bones are made of minerals like calcium, they are living
Long bones
Longer than they are wide; arms and legs
Short bones
Equal in length and width; tarsals
Flat bones
Thin bones that can be curved or flat; sternum
Irregular bones
Like the missing pieces of a puzzle; vertebrae
Periosteum
A layer that surrounds bone, dense, fibrous
Epiphysis
The end of a bone
Diaphysis
The thinner area between each epiphysis
Medullary cavity
The hollow region of the diaphysis; stores bone marrow
Red marrow
Produces blood cells
Yellow marrow
High fat content, can convert to red as needed
Compact bone
Dense, found in the shafts of long bones and the outer layer of other bones
Spongy bone
Arranged in plates and bars, irregular holes give it a porous or spongy appearance
Osteon
Cylindrical-shaped structures that contains mature bone cells (osteocytes)
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that form concentric circles around a central canal
Area around osteocytes
Protein fibers, calcium, other minerals
Spongy bone is more or less dense than compact bone?
Less
Function of spongy bone
Make bones lighter
Endosteum
Similar to periosteum
Endosteum is found on…
Spongy bone and the medullary cavity
Bones have…
Projections, bumps, and projections
Projections
Act as points of attachment for muscles, ligaments, or tendons
Grooves/bumps and Depressions act as…
Joining or articulation points
Ossification
The formation of bone; also known as osteogenesis
4 types of cells involved in formation and growth of cells
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoprogenit
Hemopoiesis
The production of red blood cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
non-specialized cells found in the peri/endosteum and central canals of long bones; they can turn into other cells as needed
Osteoblasts
The cells that actually form the bone
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Why do osteoblasts surround themselves in a matrix?
To become osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Tear down old bone
When does bone growth and development begin?
When you are in the womb and continues into early adulthood
Intramembranous ossification
When bone develops between two sheets composed of fibrous connective tissue
The bones of the skull…
developed through intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
The way the majority of your bones are produced
Epiphyseal plate
Also known as the growth plate; it is a thin band of cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers
Why is the epiphyseal plate important?
As long as it exists, the length of the bone will increase
Endochondral ossification also does…
Bone repair
For a broken bone to heal…
The split pieces need to be touching
Hematoma formation and inflammation
The first stage of bone repair
Soft callus formation
The second stage of bone repair
Hard callus formation
The third stage of bone repair
Remodeled
The fourth stage of bone repair
Cartilage
Connective tissue; makes flexible connection between bones
Cartilage also does…
Acts as a cushion between bones
Articular cartilage
Located on the ends of bones to prevent grinding, acts as a shock absorber
Arthritis
When joints wear out and become inflammed
Note 
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