Additional Terms for Repro Lab Practical #1

Some terms you won't be familiar with from lecture, and these aren't really gone over too much in lab, here are those terms!

Ovarian Bursa

Sac around ovary, continous with mesovarium and mesosaphinx of broad ligament

Urogenital Fissure

Zipper like structure that connects the two labia

Uterine Biforcation

Separates two uterine horns

Perineum 

Area surrouding the vulva and anus. Can be torn during difficult parturition 

Suburethral Diverticulum

Sac like structure in cow and sow, which lies ventra to the urethral opening in vestibule

Urethral Tubercle

Bulb-like structure directly above urethral opening that portrudes into vestivule in the bitch. No known function

Urethral Ostium 

Opening of urethra into vestibule 

Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) 

A key hormone that ensures only a small number of primordial follicles are activated at a given time 

Tunica Vaginalis 

Visceral Vaginal Tunic + Parietal Vaginal Tunic = _______

Pelvic Urethra 

________: extends from the neck of the bladder to the bulbo-urethral glands or to the ischial arch. 

Ischial Urethra

_________: extends from the cowper’s glands, bending around the ischial arch to the area where the two crura penis meet, and lying niether in the pelvic cavity nor belonging to penis proper. It presents the part of the urethra which is covered by the bulbo-spongiosus muscle. 

Penile Urethra

________: passes between the two crura of the penis and runs along the ventral surface of the corpus cavernosus penis opening on the glans penis

Corona Glandis

The glans penis is the enlarged free end of the penis arising from the corpus cavernous urethra and has a rounded ridge at the back of the glans penis called the ________

Prepuce 

The skin covering the glans penis is thin, glandless and richly supplied with nerves and species nerve endings. The glans penis is situtaed in a cutaneous pouch called the______

Preputial orifice

External opening of the glans penis is called the __________

Sheath 

The _____ is the layer of skin that houses and protects the penis when it is not extended 

Erection 

Three E’s of Ejaculation

1. _______________: the relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and increased blood flow into corpus cavernosum 

Emmission 

Three E’s of Ejaculation

_______: movment of sperm and seminal fluid into urethra from epididymis tail and accessory sex glands 

Ejaculation

Three E’s of Ejaculation

______: involuntary release of sperm via contractions of ejacultory muscles

Excitement Phase 

Phases of Ejaculatory Process (EPER)

1. ___________: initiated by sensory stimulti and results in more persistent displays of mating behaviors, widening of urethra opening, scrotal skin becomes congested/tense, increase in tension of voluntary and involuntary muscles and increases in heart rate, respiration and blood pressure. 

Plateau Phase/Erection 

Phases of Ejaculatory Process (EPER)

2. _______: maintains erection pressing penile bulb against pelvis. The ischp muscles compress the paired crura against the pelvis and prevents blood from escaping the corpus cavernosus and spongiosus chambers. 

Ejaculation

Phases of Ejacultory Process (EPER)

3. ________: Controlled by ejaculatory center, characterized by testes being maximally elevated against abdomen and the loss of voluntary control of muscles when a sudden release of neuromuscular tension resulting in rhythmic contracts of the paired bulbospongiosus muscles. Ejaculatory reflex: (Emission and Expulsion) Emmission: movement from epididymal tail to urethra Expulsion: bulbo out of glans penis.

Resolution Phase 

Phases of Ejaculatory Process

4. _______: Sympathetic nuerons dominate the erection center preventing the release of acetycholine from the neurons resulting in loss of erection. Within a few minutes, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure return to normal. Within 5 to 15 minutes, a final reduction in penis size, relaxation of the scrotum, and the descent of the testis can be observed