Biology 1: The cell

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48 Terms

1
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The nucleoid region is found in [eukaryotes or prokaryotes] and contains [...]

prokaryotes and contains DNA

<p>prokaryotes and contains DNA </p>
2
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The nucleolus makes [...]

ribosomes

<p>ribosomes </p>
3
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Peroxisomes [...] material

breakdown

<p>breakdown </p>
4
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The [smooth or rough] ER makes proteins from mRNA

rough ER

<p>rough ER </p>
5
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The [smooth or rough] ER is involved in detox and also in lipid formation

smooth ER

<p>smooth ER </p>
6
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The [organelle] modifies and distributes proteins

Golgi apparatus

  • eukaryotes only

<p>Golgi apparatus </p><ul><li><p>eukaryotes only </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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In the Vesicular Transport Model, the cis-, medial-, and trans-Golgi cisternae are [...] structures

static

  • the contents are physically shuttled from each cisterna to the next

<p>static </p><ul><li><p>the contents are physically shuttled from each cisterna to the next </p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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In the Cisternal Maturation Model, cisternae [...]

evolve and mature

  • this cis-golgi matures and becomes the medical-golgi, then eventually, the trans-golgi

  • vesicles move in retrograde motion

<p>evolve and mature </p><ul><li><p>this cis-golgi matures and becomes the medical-golgi, then eventually, the trans-golgi</p></li><li><p>vesicles move in retrograde motion </p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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[...] are the demolition and recycling center

lysosomes

  • made by golgi

<p>lysosomes </p><ul><li><p>made by golgi </p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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Centrioles contain 9 groups of [...] and they pull [...] apart

microtubules and they pull chromosomes apart

<p>microtubules and they pull chromosomes apart </p>
11
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A/an [...] is a small prokaryotic DNA molecule separate from chromosomal DNA

plasmid

  • often the gene carried in plasmids provides bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance

<p>plasmid </p><ul><li><p>often the gene carried in plasmids provides bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance </p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Microfilaments make up part of the cell's [...]

cytoskeleton

  • polymers of actin

<p>cytoskeleton </p><ul><li><p>polymers of actin </p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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Microtubules help the cell [...] compression forces

resits

  • made of tubulin proteins

<p>resits </p><ul><li><p>made of tubulin proteins </p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

simple squamous

15
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

simple cuboidal

16
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

simple columnat

17
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

pseudostratified columnar

18
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

stratified squamous

19
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

stratified cuboidal

20
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

stratified columnar

21
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> epithelial tissue</span></p>

This is an example of [...] epithelial tissue

transitional

22
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Bone, cartilage, tendon, and blood are examples of [...] tissue

connective

<p>connective </p>
23
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Epithelial tissue covers [...] and [...] surfaces of the body

internal and external

<p>internal and external </p>
24
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[shape]</strong></span><span> bacteria</span></p>

This is an example of [shape] bacteria

bacilli (rod)

25
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[shape]</strong></span><span> bacteria</span></p>

This is an example of [shape] bacteria

cocci (sphere)

26
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<p><span>This is an example of </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[shape]</strong></span><span> bacteria</span></p>

This is an example of [shape] bacteria

spirilla (spiral)

27
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[type of microorganism] require O2

obligate aerobes

<p>obligate aerobes </p>
28
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[type of microorganism] die in O2

obligate anaerobes

<p>obligate anaerobes </p>
29
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[type of microorganism] toggle between aerobic and anaerobic

facultative anaerobes

<p>facultative anaerobes </p>
30
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[type of microorganism]do not use O2 but tolerate it

aerotolerant anaerobes

<p>aerotolerant anaerobes </p>
31
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Gram + is [color] and has a [thick or thin] wall

purple and thick

  • wall is made of peptidoglycan lipoteichoic acid

<p>purple and thick </p><ul><li><p>wall is made of peptidoglycan lipoteichoic acid </p></li></ul><p></p>
32
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Gram - is [color] and has a [thick or thin] wall

pink thin

  • wall is made of peptidoglycan

<p>pink thin </p><p></p><ul><li><p>wall is made of peptidoglycan </p></li></ul><p></p>
33
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[...] is when bacteria gets genetic info from the environment 

transformation

  • griffith experiment with mice (R strain safe, S strain deadly)

<p>transformation </p><ul><li><p>griffith experiment with mice (R strain safe, S strain deadly) </p></li></ul><p></p>
34
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Conjugation is the transfer genetic info via a/an [...]

conjugation bridge

<p>conjugation bridge </p>
35
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[...] is the transfer genetic material using a bacteriophage

transduction

<p>transduction</p>
36
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[...] are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome

transposons

  • this sometimes create or reverse mutations

<p>transposons </p><ul><li><p>this sometimes create or reverse mutations </p></li></ul><p></p>
37
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In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain takes place in the [cellular component]

inner mitochondrial membrane

<p>inner mitochondrial membrane </p>
38
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In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain takes place in the [cellular component]

cell membrane

<p>cell membrane </p>
39
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Eukaryotic cells reproduce via [...]

mitosis

<p>mitosis </p>
40
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Prokaryotic cells reproduce via [...]

binary fission

<p>binary fission </p>
41
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[...] are infectious proteins and can trigger misfolding

prions

  • creates creutzfeldt-jakob disease

  • alhemizer’s

<p>prions </p><ul><li><p>creates creutzfeldt-jakob disease </p></li><li><p>alhemizer’s </p></li></ul><p></p>
42
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...] are plant pathogens 

viroids

<p>viroids </p>
43
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[...] are bacteria viruses that use a tail sheath to inject DNA / RNA

bacteriophages

<p>bacteriophages </p>
44
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A/an [...] is the protein shell of a virus

capsid

<p>capsid </p>
45
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[...] are individual virus particles that are found extracellular

virions

<p>virions </p>
46
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[...] genomes may be made of DNA or RNA and may be single or double stranded

viral

<p>viral </p>
47
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Retroviruses are single stranded [...]

RNA

  • reverse transcriptase is needed to make DNA

<p>RNA</p><ul><li><p>reverse transcriptase is needed to make DNA </p></li></ul><p></p>
48
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In a [...] bacteriophage life cycle, virions are made until the cell lyses

lytic - viruses enter cells and use the cell to make copies of themselves often destroying the cell in the process

<p>lytic - viruses enter cells and use the cell to make copies of themselves often destroying the cell in the process </p>

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