Studied by 5 peoplebilateral symmetry
can be divided by a plane through their center in one place to form mirror images
radial symmetry
can be divided by a plane in several places to form mirror images
asymmetry
no symmetry
ectoderm
outer layer, includes the nervous system and skin (outer coverings)
mesoderm
middle layer, forms the muscle, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systems
endoderm
inner layer, forms the digestive system
cephalization
concentration of sensory and nerve cells at one end of the organism (Bilaterally Symmetrical organisms often exhibit cephalization, In many organisms this would be the head of the organism.)
hermaphroditism
sexual reproduction
coelomate
having a body cavity (a coelom)
acoelomate
lacking a coelom
pseudocoelomate
pretending to have a coelom
regeneration
a form of asexual reproduction
sessile
fixed, though moving their environment through themselves)
locomotion
swimming freely
which worm phylum are coelomates
annelida (segmented worms)
which worm phylum are acoelomates
platyhelminthes (flatworms)
which worm phylum are pseudocoelomates
nematoda (roundworms)
phylum for flatworms
platyhelminthes
phylum for roundworms
nematoda
phylum for segmented worms
annelida
which phylum exhibits bilateral symmetry
mollusca, all worms
which phylum exhibits radial symmetry
cnidaria, echinodermata
which phylum exhibits asymmetry
porifera
which phyla is associated with spicules
porifera
which phyla is associated with nematocysts
cnidaria
which phyla is associated with medusa/polyp
cnidaria
which phyla is associated with tube feet
echinodermata
which phyla is associated with spiny skin
echinodermata
which phyla is associated with radula
mollusca
which phyla is associated with siphon
mollusca
which phyla is associated with pharynx
the pharynx is found in vertebrates and invertabrates
porifera
no symmetry, sessile/stationary, spicules for structure, specialized cells (no tissue or organs) water flows through openings in body
cnidaria
radial symmetry, nematocysts (stinging cells), gastrovascular cavity with one opening, developed muscles and nerves, medusa and polyp form
platyhelminthes
bilateral symmetry, flatworms, no body cavity, have pharynx, cephalization
nematoda
bilateral, cylindrical, complete digestive system, false body cavity, head and tail ends not distinct from each other
annelida
bilateral, segmented, complete digestive system, body cavity, developed organs, parapodia for locomotion
arthropoda
bilateral, jointed legs, exoskeleton, segmented body, specialized appendages
mollusca
bilateral, soft bodied, calcium carbonate shell, radula, move by jet propulsion with siphon or slide on muscular foot
echinodermata
5-part radial symmetry, spiny skin, endoskeleton of interlocking plated under skin, tube feet, exclusively marine
chordata
bilateral, all have notochord most have backbone, endoskeletons of bone, jaws and skulls
ectothermic vertebrate description
grouped together because they generally must regulate their body temperature by their behavior rather than by their internal metabolism
which animal groups are ectothermic vertebrates
fish, amphibians, reptiles
function of the operculum
can open and pump water over its gills and out the opening
function of the swim bladder
fills with gases from the bloodstream or digestive tract. This allows the fish to increase or decrease the amount of gas in the swim bladder as it swims deeper or higher in the water, maintaining neutral buoyancy . Because it is located on the dorsal side**,** it also helps stabilize the fish
function of the lateral line
thin dark line along the center of each side of most fish composed of sensory organs that detect vibrations in the water along with direction of water currents, water temperatures, and other changes in the environment.
difference between neurotoxins and hemotoxins of snakes
Neurotoxins - paralyzes or kills nerves
Hemotoxins - prevents blood clotting
function of the Jacobson's Organ associated with snakes
can perform chemical analysis, chemoreception
tetrapod and how it relates to all reptiles, including exceptions to this group
a tetrapod is a four legged vertebrate. all reptiles are tetrapods, excluding snakes
process of molting
like shedding
function of the cloaca of amphibians
cavity and exit for liquid waste (urinary system), solid waste (digestive system), and egg/sperm (reproductive system)
process of metamorphosis associated with the life cycle of amphibians
egg, tadpole, young frog, adult frog
differences that distinguish reptiles from amphibians
reptiles have scales and their skin is dry, amphibians do not have scales and their skin is usually moist with mucus
description of an endothermic vertebrate and methods of thermoregulation
derive much of their body heat from their metabolism, often possess insulating body coverings (i.e. feathers), have complex internal mechanisms that regulate their body temperature, have involuntary regulatory mechanisms to restore proper body temperature (i.e. sweating)
which animal groups are endothermic vertebrates
birds and mammals
descriptions and differences between oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous
oviparous=egg, ovoviparous=egg in tummy, viviparous=birth
function of the hypothalamus
regulates body temp, sleep, appetite, emotions, and control of the pituitary gland
process of preening
grooming/maintenance of feathers by birds
down feather function
acts as a layer of insulation to keep the bird warm
contour feather function
defense, shape, color, insulation, and flight
function of cloaca
opening for digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
function of furculum (wishbone)
aids in flight
chalaza
ropelike structure that holds the yolk to the center of the egg
yolk
yellow nutrients stored in an egg
albumen
egg white or protein contained in it
basic characteristics of mammals
hair, mammary glands, breathe air, four chambered heart, endotherms, internal fertilization/care for young
Refer to the following diagrams:
Fish External Anatomy (Perch)
Chicken Embryology (Egg)
Mammal (Fetal Pig)
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