breakdown io ver pt 3

Behavioral Observation Scales (BOS)

performance appraisal methods that require appraisers to recall how often a worker has been observed performing key work behaviors.

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS)

performance appraisal technique using rating scales with labels reflecting examples of poor, average, and good behavioral incidents.

Bureaucracy

a traditional organizational structure typified by a well-defined authority hierarchy and strict rules governing work behavior.

Centralization

the degree to which decision-making power rests at the upper levels of the organizational hierarchy.

Coalition

a group of individuals who band together to combine their power

Contingency Theories

theories that look at the interaction of the characteristics of both leader and the situation.

Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs)

deviant, negative behaviors that are harmful to an org and its workers

Decentralization

process of taking the decision-making authority away from the top levels of the organization and distributing it to lower levels.

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

counseling provided for a variety of worker problems, particularly drug and alcohol abuse.

Empowerment

process by which organizational members can increase their sense of power and personal control in the work setting

Group Polarization

tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than those made by individuals.

Lateral Communication

messages between two parties at the same level in an organizational hierarchy

Vestibule Training

training that uses a separate are adjacent to the work area to simulate the actual work setting

Absolute Amount

actual salary paid for a particular job

Consideration

degree to which leaders act in a warm and supportive manner toward their subordinates

Fourteenth Amendment

amendment to the US Constitution that mandates that no state may deny a person equal protection under the law.

Fourth Amendment

amendment to the US Constitution that protects against unreasonable search or seizure; the amendment has been ruled to cover such privacy issues as drug testing, locker and office searches, psychological testing, and electronic surveillance.

Doppler Effect

is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

Foot-in-the-door

a compliance tactic that assumes agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, larger request

Bystander Effect

the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress.

Time and Motion Studies

procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component movements and the movements timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks.

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The analysis of the exact motions required by a person to complete a task, as well as the time required to do so.

Risky Shift Phenomenon

form of group polarization; person altering their decision-making process to more EXTREME choices while a part of a group

Instrumental Aggression

primary aim is not to inflict pain on the victim but to reach some other goal where aggression is merely accidental (stealer killed the cashier to rob a bank)

Interview Illusion

self-deception that managers and recruiters are able to read people well during an interview (akala ng manager kilala niya na agad ang applicant)

Suppressor Effect

reduction in the correlation between 2 variables due to the influence of a 3rd variable

Conundrum Effect

problem that seems impossible to solve ("He is faced with the conundrum of trying to find a job without having experience)

Meta-cognition

thinking about one's thinking

Automaticity

ability to act without really thinking happens when a behavior becomes over-learned

shaper, worker, informer

Group Roles

Informational Justice

under Interpersonal Justice

Reciprocity Norm

people need to reciprocate the action of another person

Fundamental Attribution Error

person's tendency to attribute another's actions to their character or personality rather than external factors

Mere Exposure

people tend to prefer things that are familiar

Divergent thinking

creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to problem (brainstorming)