Ch 4 : Water, Food Production Systems and Society

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Ocean currents

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42 Terms

1

Ocean currents

________: are movements of water both horizontally and vertically.

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2

Discharges

________: by adding pollutants to water.

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3

Condensation

________: water vapour to liquid.

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4

Salinization

: process of naturally dissolving minerals in the top layer of the soil which makes it too salty () for further agriculture.

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5

Evaporation

________: liquid to water.

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6

Surface currents

________: moved by the wind.

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7

Transfers

________: occur when it stays in the same state:

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8

Irrigation

________: results in soil degradation especially in dry areas.

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9

Scarcity of water resources

________ can lead to conflict between human populations especially when resources are shared.

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10

Renewable resources

________: atmosphere, rivers.

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11

Withdrawals

________: domestic use, irrigation in agriculture and industry.

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12

Hydrological cycle

________: system of water flows and storages that may be disputed by human activity.

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13

Cold ocean currents

________ run from poles to the equator, warm water currents flow from the equator to the poles.

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14

→ irrigation

________: select drought resistant crops.

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15

Deep water currents

________ (thermohaline currents): influenced by the oceanic conveyor belt.

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16

Water budget

________: quantitative estimate of the amount of water in storages and flows of the water cycle.

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17

Hydrological cycle

system of water flows and storages that may be disputed by human activity

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18

Water budget

quantitative estimate of the amount of water in storages and flows of the water cycle

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19

Renewable resources

atmosphere, rivers

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20

Non-renewable resources

oceans, icecaps

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21

Middle group

groundwater aquifers

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22

Transfers

occur when it stays in the same state

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23

Transformations

when it changes state to and from water

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24

Evaporation

liquid to water

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25

Condensation

water vapour to liquid

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26

Freezing

solid snow to ice

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27

Withdrawals

domestic use, irrigation in agriculture and industry

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28

Discharges

by adding pollutants to water

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29

Ocean currents

are movements of water both horizontally and vertically

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30

Surface currents

moved by the wind

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31

Deep water currents (thermohaline currents)

influenced by the oceanic conveyor belt

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32

Irrigation

results in soil degradation especially in dry areas

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33

Salinization

process of naturally dissolving minerals in the top layer  of the soil which makes it too salty (saline) for further agriculture

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34

→ irrigation

select drought resistant crops

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35

Biochemical oxygen demand

amount of DO required to break down organic material in a given volume of water

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36

Eutrophication

when lakes and coastal waters receive inputs of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) that result in an excess growth of plants and phytoplankton

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37

Indicator species

plants and animals that show something about the environment by their presence, absence, abundance

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38

Biotic index

indirectly measures pollution by assessing the impact on species within the community according the their tolerance, diversity, and relative abundance

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39

BOD

amount of dissolved oxygen required to breakdown organic material in a given volume of water

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40

Marine pollution

rivers, human pollution, pipelines

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41

Freshwater pollution

agricultural runoff, sewage, solid domestic waste

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42

Continental shelf

extension of continents under the seas and oceans (creates shallow water)

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