Comprehensive Guide to Information, Data, and Ethical Challenges in Data Collection

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to data, information, ethical challenges in data collection, and principles governing human subjects research.

Data

Raw, unprocessed facts collected from various sources which can later be analyzed or structured to become information.

Information

Data that has been processed and organized to have meaning.

Fact

Objective realities or truths that serve as the foundation for data collection; they represent verified truths independent of interpretation.

Data Frame

A structured format that organizes data systematically into rows and columns for efficient analysis and interpretation.

Ethical Challenges

Emerging issues in data collection include privacy, data misuse, consent, and maintaining fairness and responsibility in data handling.

Privacy

Protecting individuals’ personal information from unauthorized access or disclosure.

Consent

Ensuring individuals are informed and agree to how their data is collected and used.

Algorithmic Bias

When data-driven algorithms reflect and amplify existing biases from the data they are trained on.

Belmont Report

A report that established foundational ethical principles for research involving human subjects, emphasizing respect, beneficence, and justice.

Beneficence

The ethical principle to do no harm and maximize benefits while minimizing risks associated with research.

Justice (in research)

Ensuring fairness in the distribution of research burdens and benefits, avoiding the exploitation of vulnerable populations.

Common Rule

The main U.S. federal policy governing research involving human subjects, requiring informed consent and oversight by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).