Chapter 4 - Ionic, Covalent & Metallic Bonding (Students copy)

Ionic Bond

A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms.

Giant Lattice Structure

A regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions in ionic compounds.

Delocalised Electrons

Electrons that are not associated with a single atom and can move freely in a metallic structure.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Electrostatic Attraction

The force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

High melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten, poor conductivity when solid.

Single Covalent Bond

A bond formed between two atoms by sharing one pair of electrons.

Giant Covalent Structures

Structures comprised of a large number of atoms linked by covalent bonds, such as diamond and silicon dioxide.

Metallic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.

Properties of Metals

Good electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and high melting and boiling points.

Dot-and-Cross Diagram

A diagram used to represent the arrangement of electrons around atoms in a covalent bond.

Macromolecular Structure

The large, complex structures formed by covalent bonding in giant covalent substances.

Simple Molecular Compounds

Compounds formed from simple covalent bonds with low melting and boiling points and poor electrical conductivity.

Allotropes of Carbon

Different structural forms of carbon, including diamond and graphite.

High Melting Point

A characteristic of ionic compounds due to the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

Malleability

The ability of a metallic material to be shaped or bent without breaking.

Ductility

The ability of a metallic material to be stretched into a wire without breaking.