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Neural pathways
increased recruitment of motor units and FG and FOG fibre types
decreased inhibition of the stretch reflex
increased speed strength and power output
Functional effect of increased recruitment of motor units
increased force of contraction
improved co-ordination
Functional effect of decreased inhibition of stretch reflex
increased force of contraction from agonist muscle
decreased inhibition from the antagonist
increased stretch of the agonist
Muscle and connective tissue
muscle hypertrophy
muscle hyperplasia
increased number and size of contractile proteins and myofibrils
increased strength of tendons and ligaments
increased bone density and mass
Functional effect of muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia
increased force of contraction
maximum and explosive training will increase size of FG fibres
endurance will increase size of FOGs
Functional effect of increased number and size of contractile proteins
increased force of contraction
increased number and thickness of actin-myosin filaments
increased protein synthesis
Functional effect of increased strength of tendons and ligaments
increased joint stability
decreased risk of injury
Functional effect of increased bone density
increased absorption of calcium
decreased risk of osteoporosis
Metabolic function
increased ATP, PC and glycogen stores
increased enzyme activity
increased buffering capacity
increased muscle mass
Functional effect of increased ATP, PC and glycogen stores
increased capacity for galactic energy production
increased energy for speed and power-based activities
Functional effect of increased enzyme activity
increased efficiency of anaerobic energy production
reduces onset of fatigue
Functional effect of increased buffering capacity
increased tolerance and removal of lactic acid
delay OBLA
increased anaerobic threshold
Functional effect of increased muscle mass
improved body composition
increased metabolic rate