Mr Morales Unit 4

Sum light

Who were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti?

Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially executed for murder, highlighting the era's nativism and fear of radicals.

What tactics did the KKK use to expand its membership in the 1920s?

They used modern advertising, public rallies, and exploited fears of immigrants, African Americans, and radicals.

What groups did Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer go after?

radicals, anarchists, and communists, particularly immigrant groups.

What factors lead to urban sprawl in the 1920s?

mass production of the automobile, which allowed people to live farther from their city jobs.

What was the Teapot Dome scandal?

A corruption scandal where a cabinet member accepted bribes to lease government oil reserves to private companies.

What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff?

A high tax on imported goods designed to protect American factories and farms from foreign competition.

What does the “double standard” refer to?

A stricter set of social and moral rules for women than for men.

What was the “Great Migration”?

The large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities in the North.

Credit

The ability to buy goods now and pay for them later, often through an installment plan.

Speculation

The risky practice of investing in stocks with the hope of making a quick profit, regardless of the company's actual value.

Price Support

A government policy to keep the price of a product, like farm goods, from falling below a certain level.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

The Republican president when the Great Depression began.

Alfred E. Smith

The Democratic candidate who ran against Herbert Hoover in the 1928 presidential election.

Buying on Margin

The risky practice of buying stocks with borrowed money.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

A very high tax on imports that worsened the Great Depression by hurting international trade.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

A measure of the stock market's health, based on the stock prices of 30 large companies.

Great Depression

The severe economic downturn in the 1930s, high unemployment and business failures.

What were the causes of the Dust Bowl?

Over-farming, drought, and high winds

What was the Bonus Army?

A group of WWI veterans who marched to Washington D.C. to demand early payment of their promised military bonuses.

Which candidates ran for president in 1932?

Herbert Hoover (Republican) vs. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat).

What were the effects of the Great Depression on families?

Unemployment, homelessness, and immense psychological stress, forcing many to split up to find work.

What is direct relief?

Government aid given directly to needy people in the form of money, food, or clothing.

What were “Hoovervilles”?

Shantytowns of makeshift shacks built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

What were some examples of the psychological stress caused by the Great Depression?

High rates of suicide, mental illness, and a general sense of shame and failure.

What did Hoover think government should do in bad economic times?

He believed in voluntary action from businesses and limited government intervention.

What was the overall unemployment rate during the Great Depression?

25%

Federal Securities Act

A law that required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings.

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

A law that established the FDIC to insure bank deposits and separate commercial and investment banking.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A program that built dams to control flooding and provide electricity to a poor, rural region.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program that provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A program that paid farmers to reduce crop production in order to raise prices

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

The largest New Deal agency, which created jobs for millions in public works projects.

Wagner Act

A law that protected workers' rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.

Fair Labor Standards Act

A law that established a minimum wage, maximum work week, and rules against child labor.

Social Security Act

A law that created a pension system for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid for disabled people.

National Youth Administration (NYA)

A program that provided part-time jobs and aid to students and young people.

The New Deal Coalition

The diverse group of voters (including minorities, city-dwellers, and laborers) who supported FDR and the Democratic Party.

Federal Deficit

The amount of money the government has to borrow to operate when it spends more than it collects in taxes.

Parity

A government policy to ensure farmers' purchasing power kept pace with other sectors.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

A government agency created to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud.

Social Security Act

The law that created a safety net for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

A government board created to mediate disputes between workers and employers.