Studied by 204 people
i did my best this is so last minute please look at the study guide
phenotypic matching
kin has similar smells or appearance
contextual matching
familial similarities create closer associations
grooming and coalition formation
paternal ranking affects offspring ranking
parent-offspring conflict
competition between siblings, empathy for parents
reciprocal altruism
kin selection is important/friends are considered kin
amino acid racemization
all amino acids rotate polarized to the left, but when the organism dies they reform at random. some rotate to the left, some to the right so this can determine the age which the organism died
how to tell a male skeleton from a female skeleton?
males have larger skulls with more prominent/square chins and females have wider pelvic traits
magnetic time scale
north and south poles flip causing rock formation thus causing ice ages
what year did pangea drift?
200ma
year year did pangea split into laurasia and gondwanaland?
150ma
pleistocene variation
cooling in the atmosphere leads to continental glaciers and affects sea levels
intrasexual
male to male competition (a+ for effort)
intersexual
male attractiveness (e for extremely hot)
effects of infanticide
reduces fertility and forces mother to resume cycling
apes versus monkeys?
apes are arm-swinging and have more tail muscles whereas monkeys have tails, are more limber and have less mobile hips/shoulders
classification of species
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (dear king phillip came over for good soup)
pair bonded
one male one female (gibbons, some new world monkeys, some strepsirrhines) (monogamy)
one male
one male, multiple females (mountain gorillas, howler monkeys, langur, gelada baboons) (sluts)
multiple male
one female groups (marmosets, tamarins) (man whores)
multiple male, multiple female
(haplorrhines) (promiscuous/orgy)
threats to non-human primates
predatory birds, terrestrial carnivores
threats to human primates
hunting for meat, hunting for pet trade, agriculture expansion, forest clearance, climate change, disease
how are non-mammals different than mammals?
non-mammals have many offspring, lay eggs, rarely protect after birth
how are mammals different than non-mammals?
birth milk, fewer offspring, long pregnancy, internal nourishment through placenta, nourishment after birth
how is a strepsirrhine different than a haplorrhine?
fused upper lip, nocturnal
infraorders of strepsirrhines
lemuriformes (VCL/quadrapedal, noctural, some female dominance) & lorisformes (lorises/galagos, noctural, solitary)
how is a haplorrhine different than a strepsirrhine?
free upper lip, better color vision, larger brains, social groups with one or multiple males
infraorders of haplorrhines
tarsiers (nocturnal, carnivore), platyrrhini (nostrils point out), monkeys (arboreal, bilophodont molars, OWM), apes/humans (no tails, larger brains, braod noses, dietary preferences)
what is a mammal?
hair, milk, constant body temp, diverse, teeth are incisors premolars and molars (3.1.4.3) placenta
7 features of a primate
auditory bulla, grasping hands, front facing eyes, reduced reliance on smell, flat molars, big brain/fewer offspring, social & learned behavior
primitive dental formula for mammals
3.1.4.3
old world primate dental formula
2.1.2.3
new world primate dental formula
2.1.3.3
types of locomotion in primates
quadrupedal, brachiation (arm swinging), VCL (vertical clinging and leaping), knucklewalking, bipedalism
how do primates communicate?
vocal-auditory, olfactory (smell), tactile (grooming), visual, hands
primate taxonomy
animalia, chordata, mammilia, primate
How are such traits favored by natural selection when they cost the one doing it and the benefit of others increasing their fitness at the cost of their own?
kin selection
Hominin vs hominoid
Hominoid is an ape (gibbons), Hominin is a different great ape (orangutans, gorillas, chimps and humans)
cretaceous (oldest/crusty)
136-65ma. first angiosperms (birds, bats rodents)
paleocene
65-55ma. near primates (GRASPING HANDS AND FEET, snout, claws)
eocene period
55.8-33.9ma. FIRST PRIMATES,
What period did S America separate from Pangea
[continent] drifted during the eocene period
When were the first primates seen?
Eocene (Eo-seen[the first primates])
What were the first primates?
omomyidae (tarsiers, galagos, owl monkeys; VCL, insectivorous/frugivores) & adapidae (similar to lemurs; insectivory/frugivory/folivory, quadrapedal)
Oligiocene
33.9-23.5ma. First haplorrhine primates, drop in temp causing Antartica to separate, and Australia/Africa/Arabia (Gondwanaland) from Eurasia
What were the first 3 families of haplorrhine primates?
parapitihcidae (ancestors of OW&NW monkeys, apes); propliopithecidae; aegyptopithecus zeucis/olgiopithecidae
Miocene
23-5.3ma. gradual cooling, India collides with Asia (Himalayas), FIRST HOMININS, FIRST OW MONKEYS & APES
What is used to measure thermometers (ancient temperature)?
oxygen isotopes and carbon isotopes
What dating can provide age in years?
carbon 14, Potassium Argon, volcanic eruption, uranium, luminescene, amino acid racemization
oxygen isotopes
evaporation in hot/dry causes more O2
carbon isotopes
1 heavier than normal carbon (13C), hot/dry causes less plants
carbon 14 (14C)
building block of organic tissue, no more new carbon when something dies so it starts to turn to nitrogen. the less C left the older it is
Potassium-Argon (KAr)
K is in rocks, decays to Ar with age
volcanic eruption dating
heat drives off all Ar (in rocks) and the 40K in KAr turns to 40Ar
Uranium
decay of uranium in bones/teeth/cave formations. U-235 lasts only 705 million years & U-238 lasts 4.5 billion years
Note 
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