AP Music Theory Ultimate Guide

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Articulation

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351 Terms

1

Articulation

________ can also be indicated by symbols such as dots, lines, and accents placed above or below the note.

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2

exact interval size

The ________ is described by quantity and quality.

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3

Rhythmic patterns

________ should be grouped with the beam to indicate beat units.

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4

intervals

All ________ built from the tonic up to notes within a major scale are either major or perfect.

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5

compound meter

In ________, the time signature represents the subdivision, not the beat.

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6

key signature

The ________ is always written on the staff between the clef and the meter signature.

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7

interval

A minor ________ is one- half step smaller than major.

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8

Pitch

The highness or lowness of a sound

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9

System

When multiple staves are connected together by bar lines, brackets, or a brace

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10

Neutral clef

Used for rhythm only or for pitchless or untuned instruments such as triangle, cymbals, or tambourine

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11

Staf (Staves)

Where most music is written

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12

Clefs

What determines the names of the lines and spaces used

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13

C clef

Sign used for all of the previously mentioned vocal ranges

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14

Movable C clef

The clef that locates middle C and moves around from line to line to designate range

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15

Alto clef

When the C clef is placed on the third line of the staff

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16

Tenor clef

When the C clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff

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17

Treble clef

When the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff

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18

Bass clef

When the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff

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19

Ledger lines

Small lines that extend the staff while still keeping the five lines and four spaces intact

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20

Half step

The smallest space or distance between notes

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21

Sharp

Raises the pitch one-half step above its natural pitch

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22

Flat

Lowers the pitch one-half step below its natural pitch

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23

Natural

The musical symbol that cancels out a flat or a sharp

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24

Double sharp

Musical symbol used to raise a pitch by two half steps

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25

Double flat

Musical symbol that lowers the pitch by two half steps

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26

Dot and tie

Two symbols that extend the length or duration of a note

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27

Dot

Used to extend the value of a single note by one-half of its original value

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28

Double dot

Lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot

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29

Tie

It combines the durational values of two or more notes of the same pitch using a curved line

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30

Half step

The smallest space or distance between notes

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31

Whole step

The distance between two notes that are two semitones or two half steps apart

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32

Interval

The distance between two pitches

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33

Quality

Expressed by a number and determined by counting the distance between one letter name and the next letter name

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34

Diminished interval

An interval that is one-half step smaller than perfect or minor

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35

Augmented interval

An interval that is one-half step larger than major or perfect

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36

Enharmonic intervals

They sound the same but are spelled differently and function differently

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37

Doubly augmented interval

When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger without changing the letter names of the pitches

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38

Doubly diminished interval

When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller without changing the letter names of the pitches

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39

Consonant intervals

Stable

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40

Dissonant intervals

Unstable, the impression of activity or tension

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41

Major scale

Created using a pattern for whole and half steps

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42

The circle of fifths

Demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other

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43

Key signature

A form of shorthand that dispenses with the writing of accidentals (sharps and flats) for the notes affected by the pattern

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44

Common time

Represented by a lowercase c, it is used to represent 4/4

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45

Alla breve (Cut time)

Designated by a c with a line going through, is a substitute of 2/2

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46

Asymmetrical meters

Meters that have beat units of unequal length

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47

Meter

The organization of musical time into recurring patterns of strong and weak beats

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48

Duple (Strong weak)

Two beats per measure

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49

Triple (Strong weak weak)

Three beats per measure

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50

Quadruple (Strong weak less strong weak)

Four beats per measure

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51

Downbeat

The first beat of the measure

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52

Anacrusis

Songs that begin with one or more notes that precede the first full measure

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53

Syncopation

The rhythmic displacement of the expected strong beat created by using dots, rests, ties, accent marks, rhythm, and dynamics

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54

Hemiola

A special type of syncopation where the bead is temporarily regrouped into twos

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55

Cross-rhythm

Metric device where the rhythmic relation of three notes occurs in the time of two

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56

Note head

Body of the note

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57

Stem

Part of a note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than the whole note

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58

Flag

Part of the note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than a quarter note

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59

Bar line

The vertical line that divides the staff into measures

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60

Measure

The unit of space between the bar lines

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61

Double bar line

Two lines that signal the end of a section of music

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62

Final bar line

Indicates the end of the piece or composition

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63

Tempo

The speed of the beat

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64

Absolute dynamics

Refers to the specific volume level indicated by the symbol or word

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65

Relative dynamics

Refers to the change in volume level from one symbol or word to another

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66

Articulation

The way in which notes are played or sung

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67

Dynamics

The volume or intensity of a musical performance.

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68

Sharps

________ are used for the ascending scale.

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69

Enharmonic equivalent flats

________ are used for the descending scale.

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70

exact interval size

The ________ is described by quantity and quality.

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71

Natural minor scale

The sixth scale in the rotation of church modes

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72

Three forms of minor

Natural, harmonic, and melodic

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73

Minor pentachord

Same first five notes that the three forms of minor start with

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74

Natural form of minor

No alterations to the key signature

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75

Harmonic form of minor

The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending

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76

Melodic form of minor

The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised

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77

Scale degree

Each step of the scale

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78

Tonic

The beginning pitch of the scale

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79

Scale degree 1

The tone on which the scale is built, the tonal center

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80

Scale degree 2

Above the tonic

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81

Scale degree 3

Halfway between the tonic and dominant

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82

Scale degree 4

A fifth below the tonic

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83

Scale degree 5

Perfect fifth above the tonic

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84

Scale degree 6

In between the subdominant and the tonic

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85

Scale degree 7

Half step below Do

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86

Relative keys

Major and minor scales that have the same pitches and key signature

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87

Three forms of minor

Natural, harmonic, and melodic

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88

Natural form of minor

No alterations to the key signature

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89

Harmonic form of minor

The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending

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90

Melodic form of minor

The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised

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91

Parallel keys

Keys that share the same tonic note but have different key signatures

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92

Closely related keys

Keys that have a small number of differences in their key signatures

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93

Distantly related keys

Keys that have a large number of differences in their key signatures

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94

Chromatic scale

Symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart

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95

Heptatonic scales

There are seven tones in the scale

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96

Hexatonic scale

There are six tones in this scale

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97

Whole-tone scale

Each pitch is a whole step apart

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98

Pentatonic scale

Has five tones

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99

Major pentatonic

To build it, in the Circle of Fifths, start from C up to 5 consecutive pitches

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100

Relative minor pentatonic

It uses the same pitch as the C pentatonic but it starts on A

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