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Articulation
________ can also be indicated by symbols such as dots, lines, and accents placed above or below the note.
exact interval size
The ________ is described by quantity and quality.
Rhythmic patterns
________ should be grouped with the beam to indicate beat units.
intervals
All ________ built from the tonic up to notes within a major scale are either major or perfect.
compound meter
In ________, the time signature represents the subdivision, not the beat.
key signature
The ________ is always written on the staff between the clef and the meter signature.
interval
A minor ________ is one- half step smaller than major.
Pitch
The highness or lowness of a sound
System
When multiple staves are connected together by bar lines, brackets, or a brace
Neutral clef
Used for rhythm only or for pitchless or untuned instruments such as triangle, cymbals, or tambourine
Staf (Staves)
Where most music is written
Clefs
What determines the names of the lines and spaces used
C clef
Sign used for all of the previously mentioned vocal ranges
Movable C clef
The clef that locates middle C and moves around from line to line to designate range
Alto clef
When the C clef is placed on the third line of the staff
Tenor clef
When the C clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
Treble clef
When the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff
Bass clef
When the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
Ledger lines
Small lines that extend the staff while still keeping the five lines and four spaces intact
Half step
The smallest space or distance between notes
Sharp
Raises the pitch one-half step above its natural pitch
Flat
Lowers the pitch one-half step below its natural pitch
Natural
The musical symbol that cancels out a flat or a sharp
Double sharp
Musical symbol used to raise a pitch by two half steps
Double flat
Musical symbol that lowers the pitch by two half steps
Dot and tie
Two symbols that extend the length or duration of a note
Dot
Used to extend the value of a single note by one-half of its original value
Double dot
Lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot
Tie
It combines the durational values of two or more notes of the same pitch using a curved line
Half step
The smallest space or distance between notes
Whole step
The distance between two notes that are two semitones or two half steps apart
Interval
The distance between two pitches
Quality
Expressed by a number and determined by counting the distance between one letter name and the next letter name
Diminished interval
An interval that is one-half step smaller than perfect or minor
Augmented interval
An interval that is one-half step larger than major or perfect
Enharmonic intervals
They sound the same but are spelled differently and function differently
Doubly augmented interval
When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger without changing the letter names of the pitches
Doubly diminished interval
When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller without changing the letter names of the pitches
Consonant intervals
Stable
Dissonant intervals
Unstable, the impression of activity or tension
Major scale
Created using a pattern for whole and half steps
The circle of fifths
Demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other
Key signature
A form of shorthand that dispenses with the writing of accidentals (sharps and flats) for the notes affected by the pattern
Common time
Represented by a lowercase c, it is used to represent 4/4
Alla breve (Cut time)
Designated by a c with a line going through, is a substitute of 2/2
Asymmetrical meters
Meters that have beat units of unequal length
Meter
The organization of musical time into recurring patterns of strong and weak beats
Duple (Strong weak)
Two beats per measure
Triple (Strong weak weak)
Three beats per measure
Quadruple (Strong weak less strong weak)
Four beats per measure
Downbeat
The first beat of the measure
Anacrusis
Songs that begin with one or more notes that precede the first full measure
Syncopation
The rhythmic displacement of the expected strong beat created by using dots, rests, ties, accent marks, rhythm, and dynamics
Hemiola
A special type of syncopation where the bead is temporarily regrouped into twos
Cross-rhythm
Metric device where the rhythmic relation of three notes occurs in the time of two
Note head
Body of the note
Stem
Part of a note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than the whole note
Flag
Part of the note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than a quarter note
Bar line
The vertical line that divides the staff into measures
Measure
The unit of space between the bar lines
Double bar line
Two lines that signal the end of a section of music
Final bar line
Indicates the end of the piece or composition
Tempo
The speed of the beat
Absolute dynamics
Refers to the specific volume level indicated by the symbol or word
Relative dynamics
Refers to the change in volume level from one symbol or word to another
Articulation
The way in which notes are played or sung
Dynamics
The volume or intensity of a musical performance.
Sharps
________ are used for the ascending scale.
Enharmonic equivalent flats
________ are used for the descending scale.
exact interval size
The ________ is described by quantity and quality.
Natural minor scale
The sixth scale in the rotation of church modes
Three forms of minor
Natural, harmonic, and melodic
Minor pentachord
Same first five notes that the three forms of minor start with
Natural form of minor
No alterations to the key signature
Harmonic form of minor
The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending
Melodic form of minor
The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised
Scale degree
Each step of the scale
Tonic
The beginning pitch of the scale
Scale degree 1
The tone on which the scale is built, the tonal center
Scale degree 2
Above the tonic
Scale degree 3
Halfway between the tonic and dominant
Scale degree 4
A fifth below the tonic
Scale degree 5
Perfect fifth above the tonic
Scale degree 6
In between the subdominant and the tonic
Scale degree 7
Half step below Do
Relative keys
Major and minor scales that have the same pitches and key signature
Three forms of minor
Natural, harmonic, and melodic
Natural form of minor
No alterations to the key signature
Harmonic form of minor
The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending
Melodic form of minor
The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised
Parallel keys
Keys that share the same tonic note but have different key signatures
Closely related keys
Keys that have a small number of differences in their key signatures
Distantly related keys
Keys that have a large number of differences in their key signatures
Chromatic scale
Symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart
Heptatonic scales
There are seven tones in the scale
Hexatonic scale
There are six tones in this scale
Whole-tone scale
Each pitch is a whole step apart
Pentatonic scale
Has five tones
Major pentatonic
To build it, in the Circle of Fifths, start from C up to 5 consecutive pitches
Relative minor pentatonic
It uses the same pitch as the C pentatonic but it starts on A
Note 
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