unit 5 study guide -cardio/pulomn

What are the hollow spheres in the lungs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Alveoli

What is the definition of Pulmonology?

The study of the lungs and the respiratory system.

What are the combining forms for the lungs?

pulmon/o and pneum/o

What are the divisions of each lung called?

Lobes

What two processes make up respiration?

Inspiration (inhaling) and expiration (exhaling)

What is a tracheostomy?

A surgical opening into the trachea to help a patient breathe.

What are the basic functions of the respiratory system?

To supply the body with oxygen (O{2}) and remove carbon dioxide (CO{2}).

What is the medical term for listening to body sounds (like lungs or heart) with a stethoscope?

Auscultation

What is the epiglottis and its function?

A flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

How does a nerve impulse cause inspiration?

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, drawing air into the lungs.

What is the name of the membrane surrounding each lung?

Pleura

What is the combining form for \"breathe\"?

spir/o

What is the medical word for the voice box?

Larynx

What is the combining form for the breast bone?

stern/o

What occurs within the alveoli?

Gas exchange (oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide leaves the blood).

What is the name of the irregularly shaped cavity between the two lungs?

Mediastinum

What is the combining form for \"rib\"?

cost/o

What is the term for an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood?

Hypoxemia

Where are the intercostal muscles located?

Between the ribs

Identify a primary waste product of metabolism found in the alveoli.

Carbon dioxide (CO_{2})

What structures are contained within the thoracic cavity?

The heart, lungs, trachea, and esophagus.

What does the suffix -spasm mean?

Involuntary contraction

Where does the nasal cavity connect posteriorly?

The pharynx

What does the combining form systol/o mean?

Contraction

What is the muscular layer of the heart called?

Myocardium

Which arteries provide the blood supply directly to the heart muscle?

Coronary arteries

What is another term for an enlarged heart?

Cardiomegaly

Where is the mitral valve located?

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

What are the smallest blood vessels in the body?

Capillaries

What is systemic circulation?

Blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body and then back to the heart.

Identify the \"pacemaker\" of the heart.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Where does the carotid artery transport blood?

To the brain

Where does the femoral artery deliver blood?

To the legs

How many chambers are in the human heart?

4

Which sounds are specifically heard during the process of respiration?

Breath sounds

What is the name of the sac surrounding the heart?

Pericardium

What is the function of a sphygmomanometer?

It measures blood pressure (e.g., a blood pressure cuff).

What structure divides the heart into right and left sections?

Septum

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Which chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood enter first?

Left atrium

List the four main vital signs.

1. Temperature 2. Pulse 3. Respiration 4. Blood pressure

What is another name for high blood pressure?

Hypertension

What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

The heart's inability to pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs.

What is epinephrine?

A hormone that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

For what condition is a defibrillator used?

Life-threatening arrhythmias (such as cardiac arrest).

What is the abbreviation for the sinoatrial node?

SA node

What components are included in the cardiovascular system?

The heart, blood, and blood vessels.

What type of blood vessel carries blood back toward the heart?

Vein

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta

What is the Heimlich maneuver?

An emergency technique used to clear an airway obstruction.