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primary alcohol → aldehyde
acidified potassium dichromate
secondary alcohol → ketone
acidified potassium dichromate
carbonyl → alcohol
reduction - NaBH4
alkene → alkane
hydrogenation - nickel catalyst
NO2 → NH2
tin / HCl
alkene → polyalkene
high pressure
catalyst
alkene → dihalogenoalkane
Br2/Cl2
Eadd
alkene → halogenoalkane
HBr/HCl
room temp
Eadd
alkene → alcohol
conc H2SO4
Eadd
warm H2O
hydrolysis
dihalogenoalkane → diol
aqueous KOH
heat under reflux
Nusub
alkane → halogenoalkane
Br2/Cl2
UV
FRsub
halogenoalkane → alkene
alcoholic KOH
heat under reflux
elimination
halogenoalkane → alcohol
aqueous KOH
heat under reflux
Nusub
halogenoalkane → nitrile
KCN in ethanol
heat under reflux
NuSub
halogenoalkane → primary amine
alcoholic NH3 in excess
heat under pressure
NuSub
halogenoalkane → secondary amine , tertiary amine, quaternary salt
limited NH3
alcohol → alkene
conc. H2SO4
elimination
alcohol → ester
carboxylic acid
H2SO4
heat
esterification
aldehyde → alcohol
NaBH4
NuAdd
aldehyde → carboxylic acid
excess acidified potassium dichromate
heat under reflux
aldehyde → hydroxynitrile
KCN
H2SO4
NuAdd
ketone → alcohol
NaBH4
NuAdd
ketone → hydroxynitrile
KCN
H2SO4
NuAdd
carboxylic acid → ester
alcohol
H2SO4
heat
esterification
nitrile → carboxylic acid
HCl
hydrolysis
nitrile → primary amine
LiAlH4 in ether
acyl chloride / acid anhydride → carboxylic acid
H2O
NuAddEl
acyl chloride / acid anhydride → ester
alcohol
NuAddEl
acyl chloride / acid anhydride → secondary amide
primary amine
NuAddEl
acyl chloride / acid anhydride → primary amide
NH3
NuAddEl
primary amine →
primary amine →
Note 
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