DNA Technology condensed

Breeding strategies, Mutation

Old ways how DNA is manipulated

Transformation

foreign DNA assimilated by a bacterial cell from its surroundings

Transduction

DNA transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus

Conjugation

DNA transferred between bacterial cells that are temporarily joined together

Genetic engineering

altering the DNA of an organism to suppress or enhance the activities of its own genes and/or combing genetic material of different species

Biotechnology

alteration of cells or biomolecules with specific applications in mind

Recombinant DNA technology

taking a gene from one organism and placing it into another

Biotechnology

alteration of cells or biomolecules with specific applications in mind

Recombinant DNA technology

taking a gene from one organism and placing it into another

Restriction enzymes

also known as restriction endonucleases; produce by bacteria; cut at specific sequences that are 4-6 base pair long

DNA Recombination

DNA fragments removed from donor cell incorporated into recipient’s genome

Gene of interest, cloning vector

Requirements for DNA Recombination

Gene cloning

large number of cells grown from single cell carrying recombinant plasmid

DNA insertion

subject host cell to conditions that will allow it to take up vector

DNA amplification

method of creating multiple copies of a particular segment of DNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction

used to rapidly amplify specific DNA sequences, creating millions or even billions of copies of a target DNA segment

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

Steps in polymerase chain reaction

Gel Electrophoresis

technique used to distinguish DNA molecules

cDNA

DNA copied from mature mRNA transcript by reverse transcription

Selection

recombinant DNA must be separated from DNA consisting of just donor or just plasmid DNA

Sanger method

for determining the nucleotide sequence of a piece of DNA