ISLAMIAT – LECTURE 3 1st ISLAMIC COMMUNITY (PART 1) This topic of your Islamiat syllabus deals with short accounts of the important people in the life of the Prophet after he established the 1st Islamic Community in Medina. Remember, you just need to know brief biographical accounts of these personalities; no need to go in excessive details! Prophet’s Wives:

1. Hazrat Khadija:

● Prophet’s first wife ● Only wife of the Prophet until she died ● Mother of the only surviving children of the Prophet ● Helped Prophet most in his early years ● 15 years older than the Prophet ● Before marrying the Prophet, she had been married twice and widowed ● Was a renowned female trader of her times ● Hired Prophet for a trade trip to Syria after hearing accounts of his trustworthiness ● Her slave girl, who accompanied the Prophet on the trip, told her how well he had handled the affairs ● In 595 A.D she sent a marriage proposal to the Prophet ● It was accepted on the Prophet’s behalf by his uncle ● She gave the Prophet moral and financial support, which alleviated many of his worries ● They lived together for 25 years, and had six children, 2 of whom died in infancy ● She comforted and reassured the Prophet after he came home with his heart beating severely after receiving the first revelation ● She took him to her cousin and Christian scholar, Warqah Bin Naufil ● Was the 1st person to accept Islam and learn how to pray ● Remained with the Prophet throughout and suffered persecution with him ● Spent her wealth in the way of Islam ● She was buried in Makkah

2. Hazrat Sawdah:

● 2nd wife of the Prophet ● Married in 620 A.D ● Married the Prophet few months after Hazrat Khadija’s death ● She was 30 years old and the Prophet was 50 ● She was a widow and amongst the early converts to Islam ● She had migrated to Abyssinia along with her husband ● Took care of the Prophet and his children ● Migrated to Medina once her apartment had been built over there ● Was very punctual about prayers ● Wholeheartedly welcomed the new wives of the Prophet ● Did not even perform the Umra after the Prophet’s directive to not leave the house ● Narrated 5 traditions ● Died in 23 AH

3. Hazrat Aisha:

● Amongst the favorite most wives of the Prophet ● Daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr ● Prophet visited her house since her childhood ● She was six when the Prophet married her ● Their marriage was solemnized in Medina ● Prophet used to play games with her ● Held special place in Prophet’s life ● Her beauty and lively character attracted him to her ● The hypocrites played a role in slander against her after she was seen coming home from a fair with an unknown man; however verses of Quran were revealed to prove her innocence ● During his last days, the Prophet requested to be shifted to her apartment and even died in her lap ● She was 18 when the Prophet died ● She lived quietly during the 1st two caliphates ● Showed disagreements over the policies of the 3rd caliph, but opposed killing him ● Fought the Battle of Camel – which she lost and was escorted back with privilege ● She freed many slaves ● Hazrat Umar kept for her double allowance in pensions for widows ● She was often sought be leading muslims and her approval was considered important ● She narrated 2210 Ahadis and has a whole section on her name in Hanbal’s Musnad ● Died in 58 AH and buried in Medina

4. Hazrat Hafsah:

● Daughter of Hazrat Umar ● Married to Hunais ● Migrated to Abyssinia ● Husband died in Battle of Badr ● Prophet married her in 3 AH to strengthen ties with Hazrat Umar ● Lived with Hazrat Aisha and Sawdah and became their good friend ● Spent her time reading and writing ● She was fasting when the Prophet died ● She kept in her safe custody the mushaf-e-hafsa ● Asked her brother to distribute all her property amongst the poor at her death bed ● Narrated 60 ahadis ● Died in 45 AH

5. Hazrat Zainab binte Khuzaymah

● Daughter of Khuzaymah bin Abdullah ● Married to Abdullah bin Jahsh ● Husband died at Battle of badr ● Prophet married after a year after she was widowed to give her protection ● She was called Umm-ul-Masakin due to her generosity ● She died within three months of her marriage to the Prophet ● The Prophet himself led her funeral prayers ● She is buried in Jannat-al-Baqi

6. Hazrat Umme-Salamah:

● Amongst the early converts who migrated to Abyssinia ● 1st woman to migrate to Yasrib ● Her husband was wounded in Uhad and passed away at another expedition, leaving behind many children ● She initially refused to the Prophet’s proposal to marry but later agreed on persuasion ● She went to battles with the Prophet ● Suggested that the Prophet give Sadqa after the treaty of Hudaybia ● Her style of recitation was identical to that of Prophet’s ● Narrated 378 ahadis ● Died in 60 AH and buried in Jannat-al-Baqi

7. Hazrat Zainab Bin Jahsh:

● 1st cousin of the Prophet ● Married to Zaid bin Haris ● She did not want to marry Zaid since he was a slave but she did so on Prophet’s insistence ● However her marriage with Hazrat Zaid was unsuccessful and they got divorced ● Then the Prophet proposed to marry her ● She was initially reluctant but got married after orders to do so came in the Quran ● Bought along a dowry of 400 dirhams ● Used to do needle work to meet expenses ● After the death of the Prophet, she refused to take allowance from the state and gave it to the needy ● Was the first one to die after Prophet’s death in 20 AH

8. Hazrat Jawaria Binte Haris:

● She was a captive taken from an expedition against Banu Mustaliq in 5 AH ● Given to Sabit Bin Qaisin as booty ● She wanted to pay her ransom and be free ● Prophet saw her nobility and agreed to pay ransom and marry her ● Likewise all her tribesmen were freed ● Her father - a tribal chief - also converted to Islam ● She died in 50 AH

9. Hazrat Umme Habibah:

● Former name was Ramlah ● Daughter of Abu Sufyan ● Early convert ● Migrated to Abyssinia with husband, Ubaidullah bin Jahsh ● There he converted to Christianity so she divorced him ● On hearing this, the Prophet married her and built for her an apartment ● When her father came to see the Prophet she did not allow him to sit in the Prophet’s bed ● Took food and water for Hazrat Usman while he was besieged during his caliphate ● Died in 44 AH 10. Hazrat Saffiya Binte Huyyay: ● Daughter of a Jew: Huyyay Bin Akhtab – one of Prophet’s leading opponents ● Left Medina when her tribe, Banu Nadir, was exiled in 3 AH ● In 6 AH, muslims conquered Medina, where her tribe was settled ● She was initially given to another Muslim, but when the Prophet saw him, he put his cloak on her as a sign of marrying ● This is why she was called the chosen one ● She accepted Islam from the Prophet ● Narrated many ahadis ● Died in 50 AH

1. Hazrat Maimoona:

● She had been married before twice and was a widow ● She was sister in law of Hazrat Abbas, Prophet’s uncle ● Hazrat Abbas suggested her marriage to the Prophet while he was performing Umra in 7 AH ● Prophet propsed her during pilgrimage ● He invited Makkans to a feast but since the Makkans wanted him to leave in 3 days as agreed, the married outside Makkah ● She died in 61 AH , at the same spot where they were married ● She was last of the Prophet’s wives to follow him

2. Hazrat Rehana:

● Belonged to Banu Qurayza ● Captive of war ● Prophet proposed ● Initially reluctant, but finally agreed

3. Hazrat Maria Qibtia:

● She was a Christian ● Sent by the archbishop of Alexandria in Egypt as a gift to the Prophet ● She accepted Islam before reaching Medina ● Prophet married her ● Gave birth to Prophet’s son Ibrahim, who died in 10 AH