parts of speech

Proper nouns

Specific people places or things (all caps) ex: Statue of Liberty, Paris

Common nouns

People place thing

General nouns

Names of conditions or ideas (condition: beauty) idea: truth, peace

Specific nouns

Name people places and things that are understood by your senses (people: baby, friend) places: town, park ; things: rainbow, cough, apple

Collective nouns

Names for a group of people, places or things (class, choir, company, dozen)

Pronouns

Words that stand in for nouns. (Personal, intensive, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, reciprocal)

Personal pronoun

Nominative (I ) objective (me) , possessive (my/mine)

Pronoun intensive

I, myself, you, yourself, he himself , she herself

Pronoun relative

Which who whom whose

Pronouns interrogative

What which who whom whose

Pronoun demonstrative

This that these those

Pronoun indefinite

All, any , each , everyone, either neither some several

Pronoun Reciprocal

Each other one another

Verb

Indicates action

Verb transitive

A verb whose action indicates a reviver (he drives a car, she feeds the dog)

Verb intransitive

Do not indicate a receiver of action (he runs everyday, she votes in the last election)

Linking verbs

Link the subject of a sentence to a noun or a pronoun OR link a subject w an adjective (appear be become feel grow look seem smell sound taste)

Voice

Active and passive (active = subject is doing ex. John drew the picture) passive = subject is being acted upon (the picture is drawn by John)

Present perfect

Action started in the past and continues into the present/took previously at an unspecified time. I have walked to the store three times today

Past perfect

Action was completed at some point In the past usually to describe an action that was completed before some other time or event. (I had eaten already before they arrived)

Future perfect

The action will be completed before some point in the future. The project will have been completed by the deadline

Mood

There are three moods in English

Mood indicative

Facts questions opinions

Mood imperative

Orders or requests

Subjunctive mood

For wishes and statements that go against facts

Articles

Adjectives that are used to distinguish nouns as definite or indefinite (A, An)

Definite nouns

Preceded by the and indicate a specific person place thing or idea

Indefinite nouns

Preceded by a or an (does anyone have a bottle to share