Biomedical Sciences Excretory System

this was a wild ride for people with piss kinks

Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body

Kidney, liver, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

1

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"?

filtration

Identify the structure labeled "5."

renal pyramid

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop

THe glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscule

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorbing nutrients

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

* excretes abundant protein molecules
* regulates blood volume
* contributes to stabilizing blood pH
* eliminates organic waste products

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus

theThe portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is

distal convoluted tubule

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

carries blood to the glomerulus

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

* hydrogen ions
* urea
* proteins
* uric acid
* creatinine

proteins

Which of the following substances is not secreted (by the urinary system)?

* hydrogen
* penicillin
* creatinine
* potassium ions
* glucose

glucose

The most abundant waste solution in urine is

urea

Regarding kidney function, in __________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid.

secretion

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,

water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

The process of filtration is driven by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

cotransport with Na ions

What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc), is reabsorbed in the PCT?

99

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases

Antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts of water by increasing the number of aquaporins

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is maybe due to

absence of ADH

__________ is/are an immediately life threatening condition. However, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is often possible.

acute renal failure

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by _________ epithelium.

transitional

Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible?

chronic renal failure

Which structure is a conical mass within the renal medulla that ends at the papilla?

renal column

What physiological processes occur at the structure labeled 2?

filtration

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

1

Which structure is the collecting duct?

6