Chapter 12 Personality & Humanistic Psychology Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key Chapter 12 concepts: personality assessments, major theories, defense mechanisms, and humanistic contributions.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A standardized clinical assessment that measures broad personality structure and detects psychological disorders through true–false items.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality inventory that categorizes people into 16 types based on Jung’s four dichotomies: Extraversion–Introversion, Sensing–Intuition, Thinking–Feeling, and Judging–Perceiving.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A five-level pyramid of human motivation: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization (later, self-transcendence). Lower needs must be met before higher growth needs.

Ego (Freudian Theory)

The rational, decision-making component of personality that mediates between the id, superego, and reality; operates on the reality principle.

Trait

An enduring, consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that distinguishes individuals; basic unit of trait theories of personality.

Conscientiousness

One of the Big Five traits marked by organization, reliability, self-discipline, and goal-directed persistence.

Collective Unconscious

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of archetypes and primordial images common to all humans.

Environmental Influence in Adoption Studies

Research comparing adopted children to biological and adoptive relatives; shows that family environment shapes values, attitudes, and some behaviors beyond genetic effects.

Sublimation

A defense mechanism in which socially unacceptable impulses are redirected into socially valued, constructive activities (e.g., aggression channeled into sports).

Authoritarianism

A personality orientation characterized by rigid adherence to conventional values, submission to authority figures, and hostility toward out-groups.

Abraham Maslow’s Contributions

Pioneered humanistic psychology, proposed the hierarchy of needs, emphasized self-actualization, and promoted a positive view of human potential.

Carl Rogers’ Contributions

Founded person-centered therapy, introduced unconditional positive regard, emphasized the self-concept and the innate drive toward self-actualization.