Chapter 14 - Plant Kingdom: Reproduction

meiosis

process that produces haploid cells

Parts of a pistil

ovary, and stigma

How to flowers that lack showy petals, nectar, and odors get pollinated?

by wind

What’s part of the plant are necessary for pollination?

anther, stigma & pollen

Order of plant reproduction

pollination, fertilization, seed development

cotyledon

a form of stored food in a seed

flower

a reproductive organ found on some plants

pistil

the female reproductive part of a flower

anther

the saclike structure that produces pollen

stigma

the tip of the pistil that receives the pollen

pollen

contains the male gametes of a flower

pollen tube

tube that grows down the style and into the ovary

seed

a mature ovule containing an embryo plant

filament

is attached to the anther

style

the stalk between ovary and stigma

diploid

organisms that have 2 of every kind of chromosome

nectar

a sugary liquid that attracts pollinators

Which reproduction, asexual or sexual reproduction, provides little genetic variation?

asexual

horticulturist

someone who works with growing, harvesting, processing, or shipping vegetables, fruits, flowers, or ornamental plants.

sepals

leaflike structures found at the bast of many flowers

How does the stigma retain the pollen?

Because it’s usually sticky

Types of asexual reproduction in plants

runners, plantlets, root sprouts, leaf cuttings, stem cuttings, and potato eyes.

gametes

a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex

Why are flowers that are pollinated by the wind, usually produce greater quantities of pollen than flowers pollinated by birds, insects, or bats?

Pollen grains of wind-pollinated flowers are produced in large quantities to make sure that at least some pollen grains reach the stigmas of other flowers and successful pollination takes place as many pollen grains are wasted. Stigma is large and feathery to catch the wind pollen grains.

Why are hazelnuts and acorns considered a fruit?

Because they are the fruit of the tree. They contain the seeds that can grow new trees, and falling to the ground is part of the tree's lifecycle – this is how it reproduces. Having reached the ground, the hazelnuts and acorns can grow into new trees or be carried off to new locations by wildlife.

How can animals that eats seeds be beneficial for tree growth?

The can poop out the seeds and grow new plants!

What part of the flower will become the fruit?

the ovary

How can you determine how many seeds will develop from a flower?

However many ovules it has, that’s how many seeds will form.

haploid

specials cells with only ONE of each kind of chromosome normally found in that organism

genetic variation

getting different genes from each of the parents (example: different nose shapes)

receptacle

the base of a flower

petals

often provide the color and design of the flower and help to attract the insects and animals that aid in pollinating the flower.

pollination

the process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma

ovary

the swollen area at the bottom of the pistil.

ovules

located inside the ovary, it contains the eggs (the female gametes) of the plant

monocot

a seed that contains just ONE cotyledon

embryo (a fertilized egg)

a tiny plant

As the ovary grows, what does it develop into?

a fruit

Do the chromosomes of plants usually occur in pairs just as those of animals do?

Yes

What is the main funcation of gametes?

to transfer or recieve chromosomes during sexual reproduction

How do flower petals help a flowering plant reproduce?

They attract pollinators

Where, specifically, is pollen produced?

in the anthers of the stamens

Which occurs first, fertilization or pollination?

pollination

Like a plant’s fruit, what does spiritual fruit reveal about the person who produces it?

Our attitudes and daily choices reveal our spiritual identity, just as fruit reveals the identity of the plant that produced it.

asexual reproduction

plant reproduction that does not involve gametes

Why is there little genetic variation in asexual reproduction?

Because the plant’s genes are identical to the parents. It doesn’t get genes from both.

runners

thin stems

plantlets

complete plants, grown off runners, that can grow and mature if placed in soil

root sprouts

is a severable plant that grows not from a seed but from the meristem of a root at the base of or a certain distance from the original tree or shrub.

leaf cutting

a leaf that was cut and begins to grow roots

How could the genes of 2 trees that grew from separate root sprouts be identical?

It had the same parent.

Are the reproductive cells of an organism haploid or diplod?

haploid

Which part of a flower is the male part?

the stamen (anther and filament combine to make the stamen)

3 main parts of a seed

an embryo, stored food (cotyledon), and a protective coat

fruit

a ripened or mature ovary; Both develop from ovaries of flowers.

nectar

a substance that most directly aid in pollination

Male is to pollen as female is to…

ovule

Runners are usually assoicated with

plantlets