Studied by 31 people
the study of earth's characteristics such as landforms, bodies of water, climate, ecosystems, and erosion
physical geography
the study of humans and human activities such as population, culture, politics, urban areas, and economics
human geography
have data points set in defined space and examine the direct relationship between people and places in defined space.
spatial models
illustrate theories using words, graphs, or tables and show changes over time.
non-spatial models
the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions
time-distance decay
general arrangement of things being studied
spatial patterns
any information that can be measured and recorded using numbers
quantitative data
information that describes objects, events, or other features with a location & it is quantitative and spatial
geospatial data
designed for people to refer to for general information about places
reference maps
show and label human-created boundaries and designations, such as countries, states, cities, and capitals
political maps
show and label natural features, such as mountains, rivers, and deserts
physical maps
show and label highways, streets, and alleys
road maps
show and label property lines and details of land ownership
plat maps
a specialized map made to visualize a particular subject about a geographic area
thematic maps
show the location and distribution of spatial data using various colors or patterns. they also show rates/other quantitative data in defined areas.
choropleth maps
show the specific location and distribution of something across a map
dot distribution
use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something
graduated symbol maps
uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. used for weather and elevation.
isoline maps
a detailed record of a land area, giving geographic positions & elevations for natural and man-made features
topographic maps
a type of map in which the geometry of regions are distorted in order to convey the information of some statistic(s)
cartogram
show a larger amount of area with less detail
small-scale maps
show a smaller amount of area with greater detail
large-scale maps
the relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole
scale
the exact spot of where something is
absolute location
the measurement of the distance from one point to another in terms of feet, meters, miles, or kilometers
absolute distance
description of where something is in relation to other things
relative location
the approximate measurement of how close two points are based on features such as time, cost, and transportation
relative distance
the distance of features above sea level
elevation
arranged in a group or concentrated area
clustered distribution
spread out over a large area
dispersed distribution
arranged in a straight line
linear distribution
method that transfers earth's sphere on a flat surface
map projection
misrepresentation of the area, shape or size of a feature
distortion
task of describing and defining landscapes
landscape analysis
act of visiting a location in person and recording firsthand information there
field observation
professional images captured from planes
aerial photography
articles published by newspapers or magazines
media reports
records of the places, people, and occurrences of a particular region that a traveler visits.
travel narratives
formal documents such as treaties, articles and videos from news media outlets or photos of an area
policy documents
skill of analyzing and identifying geographical features in a photograph
photographic interpretation
computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays information from multiple digital maps or geospatial data sets
GIS (geographic information systems)
networks of satellites and receiving devices used to determine the location of something on earth
GPS (global positioning systems)
use of cameras or other sensors mounted on aircraft or satellites which orbit the earth above the atmosphere to collect digital images of the earth's surface
remote sensing
counts the population of a nation, state, or geographic location and it records info about the population's characteristics
census data
the area between two phenomena or things
space
the specific human and physical characteristics of a location
place
characteristics at an immediate location (ex: soil type)
site
location of a place relative to its surroundings
situation
emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences
sense of place
name of place, or place-name
toponym
decrease in the amount of time it takes to go from one location to another because of improved methods of transportation and communication
time-space compression
patterns and movement of people, ideas, products, and other phenomena
flow
general arrangement of something in an area
pattern
the connection and exchange between humans and the natural world
human-environment interaction
items that are found in the natural environment
natural resources
act of using natural resources responsibly so that they can support present and future generations
sustainability
the study of how land is utilized, modified, and organized by people
land use
belief that the physical environment affects social and cultural development
environmental determinism
the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
possibilism
used by geographers to analyze relationships among and between places to reveal important spatial patterns
scale of analysis
shows the entire world
global
shows a specific area or portion of land
regional
shows a country
national
shows a province, state, city, county, or neighborhood.
local
when geographers organize data into different scales
aggregation
also known as uniform regions, or homogeneous regions, they are united by one or more traits, physical, political, cultural, or economic.
formal region
social or economic function that occurs between a node or focal point
functional region
also known as a vernacular region; area defined by people's feelings or attitudes
perceptual region
subdivision of a region that shares some characteristics with the rest of the region but is different in some ways
subregion
