Nomenclature

Binary compounds

Binary compounds

composed of 2 elements

Types:

1. Nonmetal + Nonmetal (Nm+Nm)

2. Metals + Nonmetals(M+Nm)

Both types have the name ending in suffix -ide

M+Nm binary compounds are known as

Ionic Compounds

M+Nm binary compound (Ionic Compounds) are written as

the metal named first, then the name of the nonmetal follows ending in -ide

• 5 Special Rules

Special Rule for naming Ionic Compounds

If the metal commonly appears in one charge state (aka 1 oxidation #)…

Includes: 1A,2A,Al3+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Ag+

the name of the compound is the name of metal + name of the nonmetal ending in -ide

Stock names

compounds that use roman numerals

Special Rule for naming Ionic Compounds (when dealing w/metal forms ions of more than one charge, like Fe )

The size of the charge is written in Roman numerals in paranthesis, following the metal

• Nearly all transition metals follow this

• Also metals at & near the bottom of groups IIIA,IVA, VA, & VIA

Special Rule for naming Ionic Compounds (when containing polyatomic ions)

the name of the metal is written first followed by the polyatomic anion

Ex) FePO4—> iron (III)phosphate

Has exceptions

Exceptions to the “Special Rule for naming Ionic Compounds (when containing polyatomic ions)“

ammonium ion (NH4^+), hydroxide ion (OH-), or cyanide ion (CN-)

• have the -ide ending

Ionic compounds often times contain __________ ions, therefore, 3 or more elements

polyatomic

Old names

It uses the stem of the latin name for the metal & adds an -ous or ic ending to indicate whether it carries the lower or higher positive charge

Name the old names (w/lower positive charge) of: Fe^2+, Cu^1+,Hg2²^+ ,

ferrous, cuprous, mercurous

Name the old names (w/higher positive charge) of: Fe^3+, Cu²+,Hg2+ ,

ferric, cupric, mercuric

Write AlCl3, following the Ionic compound basis

Aluminum Chloride

Are common ions formed by single atoms

Monatomic Ions

Nm+Nm binary compounds are known as

Molecular Compounds

Nm+Nm binary compound are written as

the name of the least electronegative element is written first.

the name of the 2nd element (more electronegative) had ending change to -ide (added to stem of 2nd element)

Write HF, following the Nm+Nm binary compound basis

Hydrogen fluroide

The electronegativity of elements increases along the right of the ____/____. While it decreases down the _____/___

x-axis/period

y-axis/group

The prefixes are used to indicate the number of ____of an element in a substance

Ex)H2O

atoms

dihydrogen oxide

The prefix may drop the vowel in the element if the name of the element it precedes begins w/ a vowel (a,e,i,o,u)

Ex) N2O5, dinitrogen pentaoxide ——>

dinitrogen pentoxide

Name: SO2

sulfur dioxide

FOR ACIDS, the names apply to the substance in _______ solution

aqueous

For hydroxide bases, (OH-)

the name in or out of solution remains the same

Name: HCl (g), then HCL (l)

HCl (g) —> hydrogen chloride

HCl (aq) —> hydrochloric acid

Name the acid: HC2H3O2 (aq)

acetic acid

Name the acid: HCl (aq)

hydrochloric acid

Name the acid: H₂SO₄ (aq)

sulfuric acid

Name the acid: H₂SO₃

sulfurous acid

Name the acid: NH3 (aq)

sometimes written as NH4OH

aqueous ammonia