Studied by 14 peopleMatter
anything that has mass or takes up space
Matter
has a uniform and unchanging composition in a substanc
Solids
are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume
Liquids
are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container
Gasses
have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container
Vapor
refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition
Extensive properties
physical properties that are dependent on the amount of substance present, such as mass, length, or volume
Intensive properties
physical properties that are independent of the amount of substance present, such as density, boiling point, or color
Chemical property
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances, such as iron forming rust (4Fe +3Oz + 6H2O = 4Fe(OH)3), or copper turning green in the air (Cu(OH)2 + CuCO3 = Cu2(OH)2CO3)
B
Density is what kind of property: A - atomic B - intensive C - extensive D - dependant
Physical changes
A change that alters a substance without changing its composition
Phase change
a transition of matter from one state to another, like boiling, freezing, melting, and condensing
Chemical change
A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances, like decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or oxidizing
Melting
Solid becoming liquid
Evaporation
Liquid becoming vapor
Condensation
Vapor becomes liquid
Freezing
Liquid becomes solid
Law of conservation of mass
mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. mass>reactants - mass>products
Mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
Homogenous mixture/solution
a mixture where the composition is constant throughout, like water
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture where the individual substances remain distinct, like chicken soup
Pure substance
An element or compound
Filtration
a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture, like a coffee maker
Distillation
a separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that is based on the differences in boiling points of substance. The process of boiling one thing out of another.
Crystallization
a separation technique for homogenous mixtures that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance. by boiling the liquid, only the solid will be left.
Sublimation
the process of a solid changing directly to a gas, which can be used to separate mixtures of solids when one sublimates and the other does not, like dry ice (frozen CO2)
Chromatography
a technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel across the surface of another material. Separating based on the polarity of the components.
Element
a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
92 elements
periodic table
a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law
compound
something made up of two or more elements combined chemically, like table salt, NaCl, and water, H2O. They can be separated.
law of definite proportions
a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample
percent by mass
the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage. Formula: percent by mass = (mass of element/mass of compound) x 100
density
a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume
observation
orderly, direct information gathering about a phenomenon
proportion
the relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to quantity
Note 
Flashcard (111)