Civil Rights Movement

Reconstruction

Provided the constitutional basis for enforcement and implementation of Reconstruction to end slavery, ensure full citizenship, civil rights, and voting rights to freed African Americans and to address growing violence and intimidation against freed African Americans in the South.

The Harlem Renaissance

An intellectual and cultural revival of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.

Institutional Racism

Distinguished from the explicit attitudes or racial bias of individuals by the existence of systematic policies or laws and practices that provide differential access to goods, services and opportunities of society by race.

Racial Segregation

The separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

Jim Crow Laws

Affected almost every aspect of daily life, mandating segregation of schools, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants. "Whites Only" and "Colored" signs were constant reminders of the enforced racial order.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, except as punishment for a crime.