history unit 3--lindbuchler

when was the early middle ages

450-1050

when was the high middle ages

1050-1300

when was the late middle ages

1300-1450

what are the waves of invasions in the 9th-10th centuries known as

the invaders

how did vikings disappear

they slowly turned into christians over generations

who were people that were additionly very influential and important to history besides the muslims, magyars and vikings

normans

the average europeans looked to who for protection

aristocrats

when one was given land what was it a sign of

wealth to support family

set of unwritten rules between a vassal and a noble

feudal contract

knighting, marriage, ransom, and advice were all things that ______ were responsible to the lord for

vassals

defense and court are 2 things that the _____ was responsible for

lord

serfs rent and fees were in the form of…

what you grew in crops

_____ had to do field work which meant they spent 3 days on vassals/lords land, 3 days work on own land, and 1 day, sunday going to church

serfs

10% of the serfs income of what they grew went to the church, this is called

tithe

pound to the land means

serfs needed permission to marry and leave land

who are aristocratic women

wife of nobles

did aristocratic women have any power?

no, only if husband was away

in what century did the western roman empire collapse but the eastern roman empire survived

5th

who attempted to reconquer the western roman empire but it failed

emperor justinian

who lost the battle of yarmuk?

syria and palestine

what empire was both a greek and christian state

byzantine

term “roman catholic” was changed to

eastern orthodox church

what did the byzantines believe

they were the lasts of the christians in the world

who rebuilt constantinople

justinian

what did the roman pope claim

hes in charge of all christians

what were the “five pillars”

main precepts of religion

what did muslims believe that jesus was

a prophet

why did warriors of western europe form armies

they felt they had to serve for religious purposes

what was captured in the first crusade

jerusalem

list the 4 latin crusader states that were established in the first crusade

genoa, pisai, vemice, florence

what was the cause of the second crusade

muslims attack and attack on crusader states

result of second crusade?

fail

what was the cause of the thrid crusade

saladin

result of third crusade?

draw

after the second crusade there was a deal made that…

muslim troops will not bother pilgrims in religious land

what was the cause of the fourth crusade

pope innocent III called for another crusade with venetian leadership

why did the fourth crusade fall apart?

argument on who should be king of byzantine

results for byzantine empire after fourth crusade?

lost its great power status

during the 5th-9th crusades the control of the holy land changed hands many times but in the end, _____ gained final control

muslims

what did venice replace

constantinople

between 1000-1300 why did the population double?

no invasions, more usable land, technological advances

instead of oxen ____ were now being used

horses

orginally there was 2 fields in crop rotation but with advancements there was now _ fields

3

what are the 7 sacraments

baptism, eucharist, reconciliation, confirmation, marriage, priest hood, annointing of the sick

who were the women who joined new religious orders in large numbers?

daughters of nobility

where did the daughters of nobility come from

all over western europe

what was the most popular place for pilgrimages

jerusalem

the notre dame cathedral is an example of _____ architecture

gothic

who outlawed private armies?

tudors

how many different states did the holy roman empire have?

300