Caecilians.

tropics

Caecilians are distributed worldwide in the ________ except Madagascar and Australia

underground

They live mostly _________. This is helped by their lack of limbs & limb girdles.

tentacle

unusual sense organ that is unique to caecilians and is retractable

jaw-closing

They have a completely novel ____-__-______ apparatus.

internal

What kind of fertilization do they use?

rudimentary

They have a __________ left lung

primary folds

Their bodies are ringed with ____ ____

scoop

Caecilians unique jaw morphology allows them to slide their lower jaw forward and ____

scales

Caecilians have the only ______ found in amphibians

phallodeum

copulatory organ, part of cloaca, supports internal fertilization

Mullerian glands

glands in the males that enhance the fluid transport of sperm

oviparous

What is the most common type of reproduction in caecilians?

terrestrial

If oviparous, where are most caecilian eggs laid?

direct

Young feeding on the mother’s skin or skin secretions is an example of what kind of development?

viviparous

Aside from being oviparous, they are also _______.

dematophagy

Viviparous young may scrape the oviductal epithelium with fetal dentition, stimulating the secretion of uterine milk

oviparous with aquatic eggs and larvae

What is the reproductive mode of the more basal family Rhinatrematidae?

near

Family Icthyophiidae is still oviparous but lays eggs ____ water.

Typhlonectidae

This family is obligately/highly aquatic and viviparous with fetuses that feed intrauterinely.

Caeciliidae

This family lacks a true tail, has a wide variety of reproductive modes (direct/indirect development, viviparity\[?\], oviparous).

Dermophiidae

Family that has viviparous caecilians.

Siphonopidae

Family that has dermatophagy

ear

They do not have external ___ openings

vestigial

Eyes are small to ______, and without lids.

brain

Caecilian tentacles are an outgrowth of the ______.

* eye
* indirect
* aquatic
* kinetic

Rhinatrematidae are a basal clade as shown by

* a well-developed ___
* _______ development
* _______ larvae
* ______ skull

Typlonectidae

family with the largest known lungless tetrapod

* phallodeum
* muscle
* dermatophagy
* compact
* dermal
* tentacles

Characteristics unique to caecilians among amphibians

* presence of _________
* increased interhyoideus ________ in jaws
* _________ on mom
* _________, solid skull
* ______ scales
* retractable ________