CH 11. - GIVE ME LIBERTY/ GML

APUSH Give Me Liberty Chapter 11

Peculiar institution

Phrase used by whites in the antebellum south to refer to slavery w/o using the word “slavery”

King Cotton/ Cotton is King

Phrase from senator james henry Hammond's speech praising/extolling the virtues of cotton and, implicitly, the slave system of production that led to its bounty in the South. “King Cotton” became the shorthand term for the Southern political and economic power

Second middle Passage

Massive trade of slaves from Upper south (Va and Chesapeake) to the lower south (Gulf states) that took place between 1820 - 1860s

Lower South

Consisted of 7 slave states, stretched from Sc to the west of TX, the economy was not diverse and mainly relied on cotton.

Upper South

consisted of 8 slave states, had major centers of industry in Baltimore, Richmond, and St Louis and had a more diverse economy

By 1850, a small percentage of families in the South dominated all elected offices. This connection between political power and slave

Slavocracy

Society that's ruled by wealthy slaveholders/ planters, used by poor whites and northern abolitionists against the planters to criticize them.

Paternalism

Moral position developed during the first half of the 19th century, claimed that slaves were deprived of liberty for their own “good” such a rationalization was adopted by some slaveholders to justify slavery.

Cotton Belt

region in the Southern USA where cotton became the dominant cash crop. SC to TX also included AL, MS,+ LA

Fugitive slaves

Slaves who escaped from their owners

Underground Railroad

Operating in the decades pre Civil war, clandestine system of routes and safehouses through which slaves were led to freedom in the North

Harriet Tubman

Abolitionist who was born a slave, escaped to the North and returned to the south 19 times and guides 300 slaves to freedom

The Amistad

Ship that transported slaves from one port in Cuba to another, seized by slaves in 1839. They made their way North to the USA, where the status of the slaves became the subject of a celebrated court case.

Who led the Amistad?

Cinque

Denmark Vesey

Slave carpenter in Charleston SC who purchased his freedom after winning the lottery

Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy

failed lace uprising in Charleston, thought to be led by Denmark Vesey

Nat Turner

known slave rebel, preacher, and mystic in Southampton VA who believed God led him to lead a black uprising.

Nat Turners Rebellion

1831 insurrection in Southampton VA led by Nat Turner resulting in ~60 white deaths.

Gabriel Prosser

Enslaved blacksmith who led Gabriel Prosser's slave revolt, which was unsuccessful.

The Creole

Ship in which the Creole Mutiny was on, where enslaved people took control of the Creole and sailed it to the Bahamas

The Liberator

Abolitionist journal created by William Lloyd Garrison, suggested American Slavery faced enemies both in and Outside the south

Williams Lloyd Garrison

abolitionist who created the Liberator.