Musculoskeletal System (copy HCF)

musculoskeletal

pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

axial skeleton

portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

osteo- (prefix)

referring to bones (Example: osteoporosis- decreased bone mass)

musculo- (prefix)

referring to muscles

tendo- (prefix)

referring to tendons

tendon function

attach muscle to bone

ligament function

connects bone to bone and stabilizes joints during movement

fracture

broken bone

arthro- (prefix)

referring to the joint

cardiac muscle

involuntary muscle tissue type found only in the heart

smooth muscle

involuntary muscle tissue type found inside many internal organs of the body

skeletal muscle

a muscle tissue type that forms into groups to form muscles for voluntary movement

tachycardia

fast heart rate (over 100 bpm)

bradycardia

slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

range of motion

abbreviated ROM; complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable

muscle (voluntary movement)

tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement a part of the body; attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

muscle (involuntary movement)

tissue composed of fibers that can contract that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled; causing movement within hollow organs (GI, bladder)

short bones examples

carpals and tarsals

flat bones examples

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

muscular dystrophy

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

fibromyalgia

chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments

strain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

osteoporosis

a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

amputation

a surgical removal of all or part of a limb

flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

extension

increases the angle of a joint

long bone

longer than they are wide; femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals

flat bone function

thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs; ribs, skull, scapula

irregular bone function

bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces; vertebrae, pelvis, inner ear bones

short bone

approximately the same length and width, typically cube shaped

femur

upper leg bone

humerus

upper arm bone

tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

pelvis

hip bone as well as the sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column

carpal bones

wrist bones

tarsal bones

ankle bones

phalanges (hands)

finger bones

phalanges (feet)

toe bones

post concussive domains

cognitive, vestibular, exercise intolerance, mood, headache, cervical, visual, sleep

muscular system function

movement; posture; heat production; protect organs; helps move blood, food, waste; opens/closes body openings

skeletal system function

protection; movement; calcium (mineral) storage; production of blood

joint

A place in the body where two bones come together

circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

abduction

movement away from the midline

adduction

movement toward the midline

arthritis

joint inflammation and stiffness

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

What are the four common traits all muscles share?

Excitability/Irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Excitability/Irritability

ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus

Contractility

ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten

Extensibility

ability of muscles to stretch

Elasticity

ability of muscles to return to original shape after stretching

Fascia

sheet of tough fibrous tissue that wraps around an individual muscle

Insertion

end connected to the bone that moves when muscle contracts

Ligaments

bands of tough elastic tissue (around joints) that connects bone to bone

Tendons

bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bone