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Population
A group of candidate solutions to the problem.
Chromosome
A representation of a candidate solution, often as a string or array.
Fitness Function
A function used to evaluate the quality or "fitness" of a candidate solution. Is a particular type of objective function that is used to summarise, as a single figure of merit, how close a given design solution is to achieving the set aims. It is used in genetic programming and genetic algorithms to guide simulations towards optimal design solutions.
Selection
The process of choosing parent solutions based on their fitness to pass traits to the next generation.
Crossover
A genetic operator that combines two parent solutions to create offspring solutions.
Mutation
A genetic operator that introduces random changes in offspring to maintain diversity and avoid local optima.
Generation
One iteration of the algorithm, including selection, crossover, and mutation steps.
Optimization
The process of finding the best solution or set of solutions.
Convergence
When the algorithm stabilizes, and no further improvement is observed in the fitness of the population.
Search Space
The domain of all possible solutions to the problem.
Elitism
Preserving the best individuals in the population to ensure their traits are carried forward.
Agent
A system with at least some form of intelligence considering the main 6 factors.
Agent Function
What an agent is supposed to do, its purpose.
Agent Program
An internal absolute implementation of code.
Rationality
What the agent knows about the environment and a self-judgement on how it performed.
Autonomy
The ability to act on its own and knowing what it has to do.
Reflex Agent
Responding to percepts in the environment in the right way, based on its knowledge.
Model Based Agent
An agent that has knowledge of the workings of the world.
Goal Based Agent
An agent that has knowledge of the goal and decides what actions to take to reach it.
Utility Based Agent
An agent that determines the best way to reach a goal.
Learning Agent
An agent that analyzes information to make improvements.
Algorithms
A set of rules or instructions given to an AI, neural network, or other machines to help it learn on its own; classification, clustering, recommendation, and regression are four of the most popular types.
Artificial Intelligence
A machine’s ability to make decisions and perform tasks that simulate human intelligence and behavior.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
A learning model created to act like a human brain that solves tasks that are too difficult for traditional computer systems to solve.
Autonomic Computing
A system's capacity for adaptive self-management of its own resources for high-level computing functions without user input.
Chatbots
A chat robot (chatbot for short) that is designed to simulate a conversation with human users by communicating through text chats, voice commands, or both. They are a commonly used interface for computer programs that include AI capabilities.
Classification
Classification algorithms let machines assign a category to a data point based on training data.
Cluster Analysis
A type of unsupervised learning used for exploratory data analysis to find hidden patterns or grouping in data; clusters are modelled with a measure of similarity defined by metrics such as Euclidean or probabilistic distance.
Clustering
Algorithms that group data points into groups with similar characteristics.
Cognitive Computing
A computerized model that mimics the way the human brain thinks. It involves self-learning through the use of data mining, natural language processing, and pattern recognition.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
A type of neural network that identifies and makes sense of images.
Data Mining
The examination of data sets to discover patterns that can be useful.
Data Science
An interdisciplinary field that combines scientific methods, systems, and processes from statistics, information science, and computer science to provide insight into phenomenon via either structured or unstructured data.
Decision Tree
A tree and branch-based model used to map decisions and their possible consequences, similar to a flow chart.
Deep Learning
The ability for machines to autonomously mimic human thought patterns through artificial neural networks composed of cascading layers of information.
Game AI
A form of AI specific to gaming that uses an algorithm to replace randomness. It is a computational behavior used in non-player characters to generate human-like intelligence and reaction-based actions taken by the player.
Genetic Algorithm
It is usually considered as Unsupervised learning algorithm. It is a search heuristic that is inspired by Charles Darwin’s theory of natural evolution. This algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where the fittest individuals are selected for reproduction in order to produce offspring of the next generation.
Heuristic Search Techniques
Support that narrows down the search for optimal solutions for a problem by eliminating options that are incorrect.
Knowledge Engineering
The focus on building knowledge-based systems, including all of the scientific, technical, and social aspects of it.
Logic Programming
A type of programming paradigm in which computation is carried out based on the knowledge repository of facts and rules; LISP and Prolog are two logic programming languages used for AI programming.
Machine Intelligence
An umbrella term that encompasses machine learning, deep learning, and classical learning algorithms.
Machine Perception
The ability for a system to receive and interpret data from the outside world similarly to how humans use our senses. This is typically done with attached hardware, though software is also usable.
Natural Language Processing
The ability for a program to understand human language.
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
A type of neural network that makes sense of sequential information and recognize patterns, and creates outputs based on those calculations.
Supervised Learning
A type of machine learning in which output datasets train the machine to generate the desired algorithms, like a teacher supervising a student; more common than unsupervised learning.
Swarm Behavior
From the perspective of the mathematical modeler, it is an emergent behavior arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination.
Unsupervised Learning
A type of machine learning algorithm used to draw inferences from datasets consisting of input data without labelled responses. The most common unsupervised learning method is cluster analysis.
Backpropagation (BP)
An algorithm used to train ANN. It distributed the error term back up through the layers, by modifying the weights at each node. It is commonly used to train deep neural networks.
NLP
Gives machines the ability to read and understand human language.
Machine Learning
Is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building. It is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention.
Deep Learning
In this advanced version of machine learning, computers actually teach themselves with minimal programming by humans. Marketers can use deep learning to identify data and make predictions related to how consumers might behave.
ANN
is a class of machine learning algorithms that uses multiple layers to progressively extract higher level features from the raw input. For example, in image processing, lower layers may identify edges, while higher layers may identify the concepts relevant to a human such as digits or letters or faces.
Swarm Intelligence
Are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. The neural network is a framework for many different machine learning algorithms to work together and process complex data inputs.
Learning Rate
The amount that the weights are updated during training.
Cognitive Science
The broader form of study that includes AI in addition to philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology. All of these combine together to learn how the mind functions and, when applied to AI, how machines can simulate human thought and action.
Ant Colony Algorithm
An algorithm for finding optimal paths based on ant behavior.
AI Programming Language
Languages like Python, R, Java, C, Java Script, C++ used for AI programming.
Fluent
A type of condition that can change over time.
