18 — LTM Encoding

Flashcards about memory and information.

What are the basic structures of memory?

Sensory, Short-Term (working), and Long-Term

What are the two main types of long-term memory?

Implicit and Explicit

What type of information is stored in semantic memory?

Facts, concepts, and information.

What type of information is stored in episodic memory?

Life events and first-hand experiences.

What are the two main types of memory tasks used to study memory?

Recall and Recognition

What are the different types of recall tasks?

Free recall and Serial recall

What are the three main processes involved in long-term memory?

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

What is reconstructive memory?

Involves schemata and reconstructing memories with added details.

Which LTM Process is about getting information into LTM?

Encoding

Which LTM Process is about storing information into LTM?

Storage

Which LTM Process is about retrieving information from LTM?

Retrieval

What does the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model suggest about the relationship between STM and LTM?

More time in STM leads to stronger LTM encoding.

What does the Levels of Processing (LOP) theory emphasize?

Quality of rehearsal, not just time, is important.

What does LOP say is better than encoding something shallowly

Encoding something deeply

What are the types of hints in cued recall?

Meaning (Deep) and Sound (Shallow)

What is elaborative encoding?

Linking new information to already stored information.

What is a semantic network?

A complicated web where concepts are connected to each other

According to semantic networks, what is the best way to remember new information?

Linking it with old information.

What are two features of Semantic Networks?

Non-hierarchical and local representation

What are mnemonics?

They are helpful ways to remember information and can dramatically increase capacity.

What does the Method of Loci (Memory Palace) involve?

Walking around an interior setting while placing and finding objects.

What is the name of the mnemonic memory technique where information is pegged to an overlearned sequence?

Peg Method

What is the name of the mnemonic memory technique that uses phrases such as “Eddie ate dynamite, good bye eddie” ?

Linguistic Elaboration

What is the name of the learning technique that encourages you to ask questions while learning the material?

Testing effect

What is interleaving?

Intersperse old material with new material

Which learning technique involves teaching the topic to someone else?

Generative learning

Give an example of Desirable Difficulties?

Hard to read writing or something that is slightly unclear

According to Bjork (1994), what is an example of a desirable difficulty that requires active learning and deep encoding?

Writing notes by hand instead of typing

What are the types of Explicit memory?

Semantic memory and Episodic memory

LTM encoding is largely __ ?

Automatic