Rizal's Annotation and Last Poem

Flashcards based on the lecture notes about the annotation of Morga's Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas and Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios.

Rizal's Annotation

Rizal's annotation of Antonio Morga's Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas.

Mi Ultimo Adios

Rizal's poem, 'Mi Ultimo Adios.'

Antonio Morga’s Sucesos of the Philippine Islands

Published in Mexico in 1605 to provide European readers information about the Philippines.

Purposes for Rizal's annotation of Sucesos

1. To awaken the consciousness of Filipinos of their glorious past. 2. To correct what has been distorted about the Philippines prior to Spanish conquest. 3. To prove that Filipinos were civilized before the Spaniards.

Why Rizal chose Morga's Sucesos

According to Rizal, it was the best and unbiased account of the conquest of the Philippines and the 16th-century culture of Filipinos.

Salient points emphasized by Blumentritt

Spaniards must correct their erroneous conception of Filipinos; Rizal’s comments were from the victims' point of view; There existed three kinds of Spanish delusions about the Philippines.

Three kinds of Spanish delusions about the Philippines

That the Filipinos were an inferior race; That the Filipinos were not ready for parliamentary representation and other reforms; That denial of equal rights can be compensated by strict dispensation of justice.

More salient points emphasized by Blumentritt

Spain had to learn Philippine realities from Rizal’s Morga’s Sucesos; If Spanish authorities will not listen to the Filipinos, the Philippines will be lost through their own fault.

Categories of Rizal's notes

Anti-clerical, sociological, and historical.

Three main propositions in Rizal’s new edition of Morga’s Sucesos

That the people of the Philippines had a culture of their own before the coming of the Spaniards; That the Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited, and ruined by Spanish colonization; The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior of its past.

Outcome of Rizal's New Edition

Rizal was able to produce the first history book of the Philippines, written for the Filipinos.

Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios

The longest, untitled poem written by Rizal on December 29, 1896, originally written in Spanish.

Four purposes of the poem

It is a poem of farewell; It is an appeal to the Filipinos, not forget him; It is Rizal’s last will and testament; It is Rizal’s autobiography.

Rizal's spirit in Mi Ultimo Adios

Spirit of fairness and justice, as no stanza is given over to condemnation, recrimination or hatred.

How Rizal described his native land

Dear Fatherland, Clime of the Sun Caressed, Pearl of the Orient Seas, Beloved Filipinas and My Fatherland.

Mi Ultimo Adios is an epic poem expressive of…

Idealism, morality, and spirituality.

Rizal's Philosophy on Death

Death has no sting; he was aware that the spirit is immortal since he was going to a world where there are no slaves where faith does not slay, and where God reigns supreme; In death there is rest.

Bibliotheque National in Paris

He even went to the extent of searching for historical materials at the

Ferdinand Blumentritt

Who wrote the preface of the annotation.

Rizal spent 4 months for research and writing and 1 year to have his manuscript printed.

Rizal spent how many months for research and writing ? and how many years to have his manuscript printed?

8 chapters

Rizal’s annotation consisted of

The first 7 chapters

delved on the events during the time of the first 11 governor-generals in the Philippines, particularly from Legazpi to Acuña.

last chapter

focused on customs and usages of the Filipinos.

Narcisa

Rizal hid the paper containing the poem in an alcohol stove which was later given to his

Jose Ma. Basa and Mariano Ponce

When the poem was presented to ? in Hong Kong, they concluded that it was written by Rizal

Mi Ultimo Pensamiento

The first title used by Ponce for this poem was ? (My Last Thought) and it was published in the La Independencia, its title was changed to Mi Ultimo Adios (Oasis, 1948)

Supreme patriot

From the analysis made by Oasis (1972), the whole poem depicts Rizal, the

Josephine Bracken

He, likewise, bid farewell to ?– his dulce extranjera, a friend, a wife and a source of delight