Human Development & Cultural Pathways

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts relevant to Human Development and Cultural Pathways, focusing on cultural socialization, developmental systems, parenting styles, and the impact of culture on emotional expression and learning.

Cultural Socialisation

The process where children acquire their family’s beliefs, values, and traditions.

Microsystem

Immediate environments the child directly interacts with, such as family, peers, and teachers.

Mesosystem

Connections between microsystems, for example, the relationship between home and school.

Exosystem

Indirect influences on a child’s development, including mass media and parents’ workplaces.

Macrosystem

Broader cultural values, beliefs, and social norms that shape expectations and opportunities.

Chronosystem

Historical time and life-span changes affecting development due to cultural shifts and life transitions.

Distal Interaction

A style of interaction that involves more face-to-face engagement and encourages autonomy.

Proximal Interaction

A style involving more bodily contact, emphasizing interdependence and communal relationships.

Co-sleeping

A practice where infants sleep with parents or siblings, promoting interdependence and emotional closeness.

Independent Sleeping

A practice common in Western cultures where infants sleep alone to promote autonomy and self-reliance.

Ideal Affect

The type of positive emotions that a culture values most.

High-Arousal Positive Emotions

Emotions like enthusiasm and excitement, valued in Western cultures.

Low-Arousal Positive Emotions

Emotions such as calm and peacefulness, valued in Asian cultures.

LOPI (Learning by Observing and Pitching In)

A practice where children learn by observing and helping adults, common in many Indigenous and working-class families.

ALI (Assembly Line Instruction)

A structured, task-focused method of teaching where parent directly instructs the child.

Independent Pathway

A developmental pathway emphasizing personal choice and autonomy, common in Western middle-class families.

Interdependent Pathway

A developmental pathway valuing group harmony and cooperation, often seen in working-class and non-Western families.

Ecocultural Approach

Focuses on how development adapts to environmental and economic conditions.

Cultural Values Approach

Highlights ideals guiding parenting choices, such as independence versus interdependence.