Topic 4

Epithelial

How many types of tissue exist?

There are 4 (four)

What are the four types of tissues?

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscle

4. Nervous

Which tissue involves the the lining of GI tract, organs, and other hollow organs, and skin surface?

Epithelial tissue

What are totipotent cells?

Totipotent cells are unique cells that have the potential to develop into any cell type in the organism, including both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. They are formed shortly after fertilization and can give rise to a complete organism.

What are the three (3) types of germ layers?

1. Ectoderm

2. Mesodermal

3. Endoderm

What type of germ layer includes skin cells, neurons, and pigment cells?

Ectoderm

• Some cranial bones, pituitary and adrenal medulla, the anus also

Cardiac & skeletal muscle, red blood cells, smooth muscle, and tubule cell of kidney are related to which type of germ layer?

Mesoderm

Endoderm is associated with what type of cells for example?

Lung, thyroid, and pancreatic cells

• Lining of airways and digestive system except the mouth and distal part of digestive system

Define connective tissue membranes and their purpose

Connective tissue membranes are composed of connective tissue and serve to encapsulate organs or structures, providing support and cushioning.

What are the main types of epithelial membranes?

1. Mucous

2. Serous

3. Cutaneous

4. Synovial

What do mucous membranes line?

The digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

• Each of these tracts are coated with the secretions of mucous glands

Which type of epithelial membrane lines the body’s cavities closed to the exterior of the body?

Serous membranes

What two body parts/cavities do serous membranes line?

• The peritoneal pleural

• Pericardial cavities

What does the cutaneous membrane (skin) do?

The cutaneous membrane covers the body's external surface, protecting underlying tissues and regulating temperature. It also aids in sensation and prevents water loss.

Which epithelial membrane lines joints and produce the fluid within the joint?

Synovial membranes

Is there a little extracellular space between cells at the cell junction?

Yes

Define avascular

Lacking blood vessels, unable to sustain itself through blood supply.

The basal side has ____________ and ___________ to connect to connective tissue

glycoproteins and collagen

The opposite of the basal side is known as the…

apical side

What forms the basement membrane?

The basal laminate and reticular laminate form a basement membrane

Epithelial tissue rapidly replaces dead or damaged cells. This is known as…

regeneration of tissue

Epithelial tissue acts as the first line of protection against what?

Chemical, physical, and biological harm

For defense purposes, what can epithelial tissue do?

It can secrete mucus or enzymes

Epithelial tissue doesn’t have a basal and apical surface. True or false?

False. Epithelial tissue is characterized by having a basal surface that anchors it to underlying tissues and an apical surface that faces the body cavity or external environment.

Epithelial tissue can have ______ on the apical membrane

cilia

Define innervated

Supplied with nerve fibers, allowing sensation.

Classification of Epithelial Tissue is based on what?

• shape

• number

Which epithelial tissue is flat and thin and most common to be stratified?

Squamous

Which epithelial tissue is found in kidney tubules, alveoli of lungs, and capillaries?

Simple squamous epithelium

Which epithelial tissue is boxy, like a square, and secrets and absorbs?

Cuboidal epithelium

Which epithelial tissue is taller than wide, may have cilia, and is good for secretion?

Columnar epithelium