EarthScience

Universe

physical matter that can be observed

Georges Henri Joseph Edourard Lemaitre

proposed the bigbang theory in 1927

Singularity

the single point that started the big bang, from one point to one direction

Matter domination era

300,000 years, electrons joined hydrogen and helium nuclei to make scales neutral atoms

Supernova

death of a star

Claudius Ptolemy

proposed the geocentric model

Geocentric Model

the earth is at the center of the universe

Nicholas Copernicus

proposed the heliocentric model

quarks

tiny particles that are the building blocks of protons and neutrons

Photons

particles of light

Neutrinos

tiny nearly massless particles that are produced in nuclear reactions

nucleosynthesis

process where the hydrogen began to combine in pairs to form helium nuclei

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

cooled remnant of the first light

13.8 Billion Years

How many years old is the universe

radiation era

10000 years

Mercury

Swift planet

Venus

Morning star

Earth

Blue planet

Mars

Red planet

Jupiter

Gas giant

Saturn

Ring planet

Uranus

Icy Planet

Neptune

Deep Blue Planet

Continental Crust

can only be seen in the landmasses that arent occupied by water

Mantle

the thickest layer of the earth

Core

made up of an alloy of NiFe

Cytophile

iron loving chemicalso

outer core

second largest and second to the last layer of the earth

inner core

layer of the earth made up of mostly iron

ornithology

study of birds

Cryosphere

solid liquid landmass(arctic)

Coastal Zone

shallowest part of the ocean

Vertical Zone

beings at sea level and ends at the deepest point of the ocean

Epipelagic Zone

point of the ocean that gets the most sunlight and oxygen

mesopelagic zone

point of the ocean dim light from limited amount of sunlight

bathypelagic zone

point of the ocean with no sunlight

abyssopelagic zone

deep sea

hadalpelagic zone

the trenches or deepest part of the ocean

seismic waves

mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the earth

lithosphere

outer solid of the earth

pangea

assembled from other continents 300 million years ago

atmosphere

thin layer of gas that envelops the earth

troposphere

lowest layer of the atmosphere, weather happens in this layer

Stratosphere

ozone layer, protects us from sun radiations

mesosphere

meteors and asteroids happen in this layer

thermosphere

magnetic fields and where aurora occur

exosphere

outermost layer, satelites

Biosphere

interaction of plants, animals, biomes, and atmosphere

Aquatic Biomes

habit marine life and water

Forest

grass and trees

Desert

no water or little to no rain

Tundra

permafrost

rock

collection of one or more minerals

mineral

naturally occurring inorganic element or compound

transparent

light passes through

luster

light reflection

hardness

resistance to scratches

streaks

color of the material in powder form

Crystal habit

external appearnace of a crystal

Crystal Form

describes the geometrical arrangement of crystal faces

Cleavage

how a crystal break

Specific Gravity

volume & mass

Igneous Rocks

molten rocks from crystalization and solidificationp

plutonic rocks

made from the inside (magma)

volcanic rock

made from the outside (lava)

Sedimentary Rocks

composed of sediments or pre-existing rocks

detrital sedimentary rocks

tiny fragments of rocks of different chemical composition

Chemical sedimentary rock

hollow, chemical presipitationr

Organic sedimentary rock

shell, bone, past lives

Metamorphic Rocks

changes in temperature and pressure in rock

Foliated Metamprphic Rocks

more heat, more pressure, pattern (layer)

Non-Foliated

more heat, low pressure, no pattern