DEFINITIONS FOR CHAPTER 2: WATER SUPPLY

• Well – is a man-made hole used for recovering ground water from the water bearing strata by digging, boring, drilling or by any other method.

• Artesian Well – is a well where water is confined under hydrostatic pressure between two relatively impervious layers such as rock formations.

• Bored Well – a well constructed by manually driven augers into the ground.

• Driven Well – a well constructed by driving an iron pipe.

• Drilled Well – a well constructed by percussion or rotary drills.

• Dug Well – a well normally circular or rectangular in shape, with diameter ranging from 1 to 1.5 meters.

• Test Well – an excavation made to determine the quality and quality and quantity of water.

• Shallow Well – a well measured from the natural ground surface with depth of not more than 20 meters.

• Deep Well – a well with depth greater than 20 meters.

• Surface Water – a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater.

• Cistern – a water-tight tank used to store water.

• Reservoir – a pond, lake or basin, either natural or artificial, designed for storage, regulation and control of water.

• Spring – ground water seepage visible at the earth’s surface due to hydrostatic gradient or head.

• Level I (point source) – a protected well or developed spring with an outer but w/o distribution system.

• Level II (communal faucet system or standposts) – a system composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and communal faucet.

• Level III (waterworks system or individual house connections) – a system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and household taps.

• Potable Water/ Safe Drinking Water – water that is free of microorganism or disease-producing bacteria (pathogens).

• Polluted Water – water whose physical, chemical, bacteriological, biological and radioactive properties have been altered. And water that are possibly objectionable or harmful to human lives.

• Coliform Organisms – any rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, gram negative bacteria capable of growth in the presence of bile salt.

• Complete Treatment – a series or combination of water treatment processes.

• Contamination – the introduction of materials not normally found in water that make the water less desirable or unfit for its intended use.

• Disinfection – water treatment processes designed to destroy disease-causing organisms.

• Doubtful Source – source that is subject to recontamination.

• Most probable number or MPN- statistical method of determining microbial populations.

• Water Hauler – any person, firm or company who transports, stores, delivers and operates equipment used to transport or deliver water to human consumption.

• Water Supplier – responsible for source development, water abstraction, treatment and distribution of water.

• Well Driller – who undertake well drilling work or activities for the purpose of extracting ground water.

• Public or Private Water Supply System – government or private owned system for the provision of potable water for human consumption.

• Local Health Authority – a government official or employee responsible for the application of a prescribed health measure in a local political subdivision.

• Local Health Officer – the provincial or municipal health officer.

• Sanitary Survey – an activity to inspect and investigate the existing environmental conditions around the water source which may affect the quality of the water.

• Sanitation Inspector – a government official or personnel employed by the national, provincial, city or municipal gov’t, who enforces sanitary rules, laws and regulations and implements environmental sanitation activities.

• Drinking water site clearance – shall be secured by any person who intends to drill, construct, alter or repair water supply system.

• Sanitary Seal – a mixture of cement and water placed in the annular space of the well casing and drillhole to seal space and about 3 meters deep to prevent the intrusion of water.

• Pipe Lines – pipes used to transport water.

• Deionization – the removal of the ionized minerals and salts (both organic and inorganic) from a solution by a two-phase ion-exchange procedure.

• Distillation – the process of separating organic and inorganic solids from water by evaporation (vaporization) followed by cooling and condensation.

• Filtration – the process of separating solids from a liquid by means of a porous substance such as permeable fabric or membrane or layer of inert media.

• Reverse osmosis/hyperfiltration – process for the removal of dissolved ions from water in which pressure is used to force water through a semi-permeable membrane.

• Ultraviolet light sterilization – process of killing active bacteria and spores in water with the use of ultraviolet rays.

• Retail water system/refilling station – refilled water being sold and placed in the refilled water container in the refilling station.

• Refilled water/product water – source water that has undergone additional processing and product of multistage purification technology.

• Bulk water – water in a container of five gallons or more in volume coming from refilling stations.

• Sanitary Permit – permission or certification that the establishment complied with the existing minimum sanitation requirements upon evaluation or inspection.

• Sanitary Clearance – clearance issued by the local health office to food or water delivery vehicles, mobile water tankers and similar vehicles that comply with the design, construction, specification and other requirements of the department.

• Certification of Potability of Drinking Water – certification certifying the potability and safeness of source drinking water for human consumption based on PNSDW

PRESCRIBED STANDARDS

• 0.20 to 0.50 ppm – Free residual chlorine to be maintained until water reaches the costumer and the farthest point in the distribution system.

• 50-100 ppm – Dose of chlorine solution to be used in disinfecting Level I water supply facility.

• No well shall be located w/in 25 meters on flat areas from sewage treatment plant.

• 50 meter – Drilling of water well from a cemetery is prohibited.

• 25 meters – Pit privy or toilet facilities from the well being drilled.

• Casing and drill hole shall be sealed with neat cement grout to the minimum depth of 3 meters for shallow wells and 10 meters for deep wells.

• Provide a concrete apron at least 2 meter square around the well head, sloped not less than 2% to drain away excess water.

• Complete physical and chemical analysis of water from a new well shall be conducted after 36 hours pumping out of water is done.

• Washing clothes or bathing w/in a radius of 25 meters from any well or other source of drinking water is prohibited.

• No artesians, deep or shallow well, shall be constructed w/in 25 meters from any source of pollution.

• No radioactive source or material shall be stored within a radius of 25 meters from any well or source of drinking water unless the radioactive source is adequately and safety enclosed by proper shielding.

• Vessels shall maintain free residual chlorine between 0.20 ppm to 0.50 ppm in drinking water.

• 25 meters – Minimum distance of retail water system or refilling station from direct sources of pollution.

• 24 hours – Maximum holding time of stored refilled water.

• Any person who shall violate, disobey, refuse, omit or neglect to comply with any of the provisions of these implementing rules and regulations, shall be guilty of misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by imprisonment for a period of not exceeding six (6) months or by a fine of not exceeding P1,000.00 or both depending upon the discretion of the court.