Chapters 3+4 History

Jamestown Colony

Founded in 1607 by Virginia Company and named after King James. Many colonists died early on and the members of the council disagreed. The natives were against the colonists, and governed John Smith was captured by Powhatans. Pocahontas saved him.

The Starving Time

Winter of 1609-1610. Severe food shortage in Jamestown that led to the death of many colonists. Likely caused by the absence of John Smith in England and the Powhatan tribe ending trade with colonists.

Plymouth

Separists became pilgrims and left England in hopes of a religious fresh start in North America. Natives were welcoming and gave them advice on agriculture.

Mayflower Compact

1630 agreement made among the pilgrims on board the ship that brought them to Plymouth

Massachusetts Bay Company

Company like the Virginia Company but led by Puritans. They founded a colony in Salem. It was of Boston who were Puritans

The Charter of the MA Bay Colony

legal charter given to the London based corporation that launched the MA Bay Colony- based on the Mayflower Compact

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The 1639 Charter that MA authorities allowed a new separate colony based in Hartford to adopt which confirmed its independence from Massachusetts. Caused cause some people found Boston government too strict- result is that it allowed more men the right to vote. Some people found it not strict enough, that’s how New Haven was established.

Roger Williams

Advocated for religious freedom so that’s why he built new colony in Providence, Rhode Island + formed close relationships with Natives.

Anne Hutchinson

Preached that Gods word could reach anyone- got banished from colony. She was killed in a later attack by Natives in Providence Rhode Island 1643

Halfway Covenant

Plan adopted in 1662 by New England Clergy that allowed adults who had been baptized because their parents were church members, but who had not yet experienced conversion, to have their own children baptized. Resulted in church membership more common- more people could vote.

Maryland

Propriety colony that George Calvert made for Catholics but later opened to all Christians. It had a representative assembly and a Head-Right System. Slavery came to Maryland early- had laws that born slaves were slaves for life.

Proprietary Colony

Colony created when the English Monarch granted a huge tract of land to an individual as his private property.

Headright System

A system land distribution during the early colonial era that granted settlers a set amount of land for each person who each settled in the colony. Resulted in lots of people moving to Maryland- popular

Connecticut

United with New Haven in 1662

New Hampshire

Became a separate colony under the Royal Government in 1691

New York

Dutch West India Company built Fort Orange for fur trading. 1636, Dutch built commercial center called New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island-purchased from local natives. It was a haven for religious dissenters, and had lots of slaves. 1664, New Amsterdam given to Duke of York. He divided the colony, kept New York for himself and gave New Jersey to 2 political allies.

Patroons

Dutch Settlers who were given vast tracks of land along the Hudson River between New Amsterdam and Albany in return for bringing at least 50 immigrants to work the land.

Pennsylvania

William Penn proprietor of Pennsylvania, haven for persecuted religious groups. Quakers were prominent in area. Women equal in community, peaceful, slavery was very common. Penn signed a charter of liberties that established an elected legislature.

Delaware

Charter of Liberties resulted in southern counties of Pennsylvania forming Delaware. Open the all religions, beaver fur sig fig.

Carolina

Land Contested between England and Spain, Charles II gave it to 8 of his supporters. Divided Colony, North poor, South Rich. The two Carolinas officially split in 1729

Georgia

Last colony founded by James Oglethorpe

Indentured servants

An Individual who contracted to serve for a period of 4-7 years in return for a payment of passage to America.

Early Slavery

Slavery began when John Ralph traded with Dutch ship for slaves. Slaves could be freed and achieve higher status in life during this time. Race didn’t determine status, more common in urban areas than rural.

Civil War in England

Charles 1st was against Puritans and pursued religious uniformity. However after a rebellion, he needed Parliament so parliament passed laws that favored puritans which restricted royal power. During the war, parliament defeated the King- England was puritan for 10 years but when Charles 2nd came into throne, england became anglican again- more tolerant over religious differences.

King Philip’s War

When Gov. Bradford of Plymouth heard that a close native ally (Massasoit) was ill, he sent Edward’s Winslow to treat him. Winslow heard that another tribe north of plymouth was preparing to attack. He killed the leaders of the northern tribe. Other factors that helped lead up to war was interrelationships between natives and colonists, Peqout War, and English trying to convert natives to christianity and expanding population of colony. The initial cause was rumors of Metacon preparing for War. Conflict in New England between Wampanoags, Narragansett’s, and other native peoples against english settlers.

Pequot War

One of the causes of King Philip’s War. Conflict between english settlers and Pequot Natives over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut. 1637- Captain of trading vessel was killed, puritans responded by attacking pequot fortress, killing 400 pequots.

Bacons Rebellion

1676- Rebellion in Virginia, led by a recent immigrant, Nathanial Bacon, on which militia attacked not only native villages but also the royal governor before being defeated. Class tension between frontier settlers and Virginia elites sparked conflicts with Natives and anger in colonial government.

Early French Settlement

Beaver fur trade transformed the economies. 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec and made alliances with tribes against the Iroquois to survive. Founded St. Lawrence River in 1603. French colonies were very catholic which fielded tension with English Colonies. In 1640s Iroquois overran the Hurons and New France was close to being whipped but Montreal was able to stay stable and the Algonquians became new allies.

Mississippi River Valley

1663- New France was a royal Province, soldiers were sent to protect Quebec. In 1672- Joliet and Marquette traveled down the mississippi river and made alliances with natives. Robert De La Salle led expeditions to the golf of mexico and claimed Louisiana and claimed more than 1/3 of North America and small french communities dotted the Mississippi area.

French Gulf Coast

1698, Pierre d’Iberville commissioned to scout mouth of Mississippi. He built a fort near a Bilochi settlement (Biloxi), and found a group of free blacks living with Natives. 1713, Jean Baptiste de Bienville expanded the colony, and a veteran of La Salle’s trip was given command of La Mobile. 1718, Bienville founded New Orleans, many immigrants there prostitutes and criminals. France also introduced African slavery to the area.

The Pueblo Revolt

Rebellion in 1680 of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico against their Spanish overlords, sparked by Spanish suppression of native religious activity and excessive Spanish demands for Indian labor. Spain lost control of the area for 12 years, but regained it in 1692. Don Diego de Vargas was the new governor, and he compromised with the Natives.

San Antonio, Texas, and Missions of California

Spain built the first European settlement in Texas (San Antonio), to assert their claims there over the French. They also established forts and missions in San Diego and San Francisco to counter England and Russia.

Glorious Revolution

Bloodless revolt that occurred in England in 1688 when parliamentary leaders invited William of Orange, a Protestant, and his wife Mary, the daughter of King James II, to assume the English throne in place of James II. During the revolution, there were rebellions in the colonies, royal governors arrested, and assemblies demanding authority. The revolution resulted in the Catholics losing rights, proprietors losing power, elected legislatures in the colonies, and changing social status was harder.

John Locke

1689, he proposed his Natural Rights, claiming that all people had the right to life, liberty and property. His ideas helped justify the Glorious Revolution

The Atlantic Slave trade

Mainly in South America, African states that participated rich. Slaves kept naked, packed tightly, inspected like animals.

Stono Rebellion

Uprising in 1739 of South Carolina slaves against whites; inspired in part by Spanish officials promise of freedom for Americas slaves who escaped to Florida. Francisco Mendez became in charge of fort Mose for defending St Augustine, was joined by more slaves who defended Florida. The rebellion began in South Carolina, where slaves pen by Cato armed themselves and burnt owners buildings

Slave tensions in NYC

Slavery large in urban areas but not as laborious. In 1741, fires spread across New York, and were blamed on slaves. Several Africans were killed or sent to slavery in the South.

Salem Witch Trials

The 1692-93 hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts, during which women and men were accused of being witches who had made a pact with the devil, some of whom were executed for the crime. It was started because two girls in Salem suffered fits, and accused a Native Slave of witchcraft.

Women in the Colonies

Most women were very lonely, and could not form friendships because they were at the house all of the time. They had to reproduce, work on the farm, and also know medical care, in order to assist during childbirth. Enslaved women were at the bottom of the hierarchy, as they had to do slave work and also reproduce.

Merchantalism

Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth

Capitalism

Economic system best described by Adam Smith in 1776 in which trade is seen as the source of wealth rather than as exchange of goods themselves; as a result, wealth can continually expand as trade expands.

Navigation Acts

Acts passed by Britain stating that colonies can only import goods from English ships and export goods to Britain.

Triangle Trade

A pattern of trade that developed in the 1800s in which slaves from Africa were sent to the West Indies and mainland North America while goods and other resources were shipped between the West Indies and North America and Britain.

Age of Enlightenment

Major intellectual movement occurring in Europe beginning in the 1600s that led many to look more to scientific advances and the role of human reason in understanding the world than to religion.

First Great Awakening

A significant religious revival in colonial America begun by the preaching of Solomon Stoddard and Jonathan Edwards in the 1720s and 1730s and expanded by the many tours of the English evangelical mister george Whitefield that began in the 1730s.

Wars in Europe and Colonies

King William’s war, Louis XIV fought parliament on elevation of William and Mary. War of Spanish Succession, rival claims to Spanish thrown, France backed one, England backed other. Queen Anne’s war, battles between Britain and Spain in florida and Carolinas. Yamasee Wars, Yamasee tribe not paid for helping fight Tuscaroras, attacked carolina plantations. King George’s War, Britain vs. France in New England. French and Indian War, France and Natives vs. Britain.

Effects of Wars of British Colonies

The colonies developed their own militias and grew independent. Commissioners met in Albany to plan defense, Albany Plan of Union proposed.

Albany Plan of Union

Plan put forward in 1754 by Massachusetts governor William Shirley, Benjamin Franklin, and other colonial leaders, calling for an intercolonial union to manage defense and Indian affairs. The plan was defeated, but it foreshadowed a future union between the colonies.