CLT 3370 - Exam 3 Study Guide

Who wrote the Aeneid?

Virgil

What is Acheron?

"River of Woe" One of the rivers of the underworld

Tartarus

-Underworld divided into regions: those who died too soon, wrongly convicted, and suicides
-Place of eternal damnation

Ixion

He tried to rape Hera so Hera send him to Tartarus and he is tied to a wheel that keeps on spinning
-Regular form of punishment that the Greeks used

Who is Melia, and Inachus?

-Oceanid ; Ash-tree nymph
-she is with Inachus (river god and father of Io) and the river flows through the Argive Plain

Story of Zeus and Io

- Zeus wants Io so he decided to sleep with her but doesn't want Hera to find out so he hides her from Hera by surrounding her in a cloud
- Hera shows up and Zeus freaks out so he turns Io into a cow and gifts the cow to Hera
- Zeus sends Hermes, and Hermes soothes Argus to sleep so that all of his eyes are shut and he kills him
Hera is very upset and she takes the eyes and puts them on a peacock (her sacred animal)
- Hera has Argus (100 eyed monster) keep the cow guard to make sure no one comes to the cow
- Zeus sends Hermes, and Hermes soothes Argus to sleep so that all of his eyes are shut and he kills him
Hera is very upset and she takes the eyes and puts them on a peacock (her sacred animal)
- Hera then turns towards Io (in cow form) and she makes it so that gadfly are constantly torturing her
Io starts wandering and Prometheus offers her a gift of foresight. He tells her to go to Egypt and when Zeus touches you, you will have the curse removed
She gives birth to Epaphus ('he who has been touched') and he becomes the future king

Story of Aegyptus, Danaus, and the Danaids

- Aegyptus has 50 sons and he wants his sons to marry Danaus' daughters
- Danaus has 50 daughters and hedoesn't want his daughters to marry Aegyptus' sons because they are first cousins so he flees to Argos
- Aegyptus finds them and demands that his sons marry Danaus' daughters
- they have a mass marriage and Danaus tells his daughters to kill their husbands on their wedding night
- 49 of the daughters kill their husbands and are sent to Tartarus
they have to fill up a cauldron with water and when it is filled they must use it to wash off their sins
the cauldron has holes at the bottom of it so they will forever try to fill it up but they will not be able to
- Hypermnestra only daughter of Danaus that does not kill her husband (Lynceus) because he is respectful and agrees to not sleep with her

Story of Acrisius, Danaë, and Perseus

- Acrisius is the king of Argos and he wants to have an heir but he only has 1 daughter (Danaë)
- he goes to an oracle and the oracle says that he will have a son by his daughter and the grandson will be the one to kill him so he locks his daughter up
- she is locked up by her father but she catches the eye of Zeus and Zeus sleeps with her and she gets pregnant
- she gives birth to Perseus and tries to hide him from her father but one day as Acrisius is walking by, he hears Perseus' cries

Story of Danaë, Perseus, Dictys, and Polydectes

- after Acrisius discovers that Perseus is born, he locks Danaë and Perseus up in a chest and throws them into the sea
- Dictys is the fisherman of Seriphos and he rescues Perseus and Danae and takes them both in
- Polydectes is the king of Seriphos and the brother of Dictys
- he wants Danae and tries to make a move on her so Perseus defends his mother and now Polydectes wants to get rid of Perseus
- Polydectes says that he is going to marry Hippodamia so he wants everyone to bring gifts but Perseus is poor and couldn't bring anything
- Perseus says he will bring Polydectes the head of a gorgon and Polydectes agrees so Perseus goes off on a quest
- (he is turned to stone when Perseus returns because he gets aggressive towards Danae so Dictys becomes the new king)

Story of Medusa, the Graeae, and the Pegasus and Chrysaor

- Medusa is actually mortal unlike her sisters
- she had good hair and committed hubris by saying that her hair was better than Hera's, so Hera turns her hair into a head of snakes and whoever looks at Medusa will turn into stone
- she has 2 other sisters; Stheno and Euryale
- 3 of the Graeae
- Perseus is told that he will need to go to the Graeae in order to find out where Medusa is
- they have 1 eyeball and 1 tooth so Perseus snatches their eyeball so that they cannot see and he uses that as leverage to get the location of the gorgons
- Perseus waits until the gorgon fall asleep and he uses his shield to see Medusa's location and then cuts her head off
- Pegasus and Chrysaör are born from the blood of Medusa when her head was cut off ; both are said to be children of Poseidon

What gifts were given to Heracles when he was on the mission to get the head of a gorgon? Who gave him these gifts?

- kibisis (sack that will hold the head of Medusa)
-cap of hades
- winged sandals
- sword and mirrored shield
- These gifts are given by Hermes and Athena

Story of Andromeda, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia

- Cassiopeia boasted of her beauty and so Zeus has his sea monster (Cetus) come and he floods the city
- Cepheus and Cassiopeia don't want Cetus to kill everyone
they are told that they have to sacrifice their daughter (Andromeda) if they want the people to live
- Perseus comes in and offers to save the daughter in exchange for her hand in marriage and after he kills Cetus with Medusa's head he is offered the kingdom
- Andromeda was betrothed to Phineus & Phineus tries to take Perseus out and Perseus uses the gorgon head on Phineus and his people

Perses

- Perseus doesn't want the kingdom that Cepheus offers him, so he leaves to another area that becomes the home of the Perses (Persians)
- after leaving Argos, he founded Mycenae and Dynasty; he gets old and dies
he becomes a god and gets turned into a constellation

The girl's tragedy

- prohibition
- seclusion
- violation & prohibition
- threat of punishment or death
- liberation

Story of Electryon, Alcmene, and Amphitryon

- Electron's 9 sons were killed by pirates and he was kidnapped ; he has Amphitryon become Alcmene's guardian
- holds off on marrying Amphitryon but eventually marries him and has Amphitryon go after the pirates that killed her brothers and Amphitryon kills them all and now she feels obligated to sleep with him
- Zeus comes to her and disguises as Amphitryon and sleeps with her; later on Amphitryon comes back from killing the pirates and he sleeps with Alcmene also
- Alcmene becomes pregnant with 2 babies (one divine and one mortal)
- Hera hears of this and doesn't want the children to be born so she says that the next child of Peresus should be king
she then goes the the neighboring family's house and takes that child who becomes the next king
- she closes alcmene's legs so that she doesn't give birth to the babies but the babies end up being born anyways (Hercules and Iphicles)

Who is Eurystheus?

Hercules' uncle

How was the Milky Way formed?

Hera goes to breastfeed baby Heracles and bites her and whole bunch of milk comes out

Story of Linus

- Heracles is sent to be educated by Linus
- Linus teaches Heracles the art of warfare, and music
- Hercules isn't musically inclined and he keeps breaking the strings on the lyre so Linus scolds him and Hercules hits him with the lyre and there is a trial but he is acquitted

Thespius

- Had 50 daughters
- Invited Heracles over and got him drunk and then sends his daughters one after the other to Heracles' bed
- Heracles impregnated all 50 daughters in one night

Megara

- Hercules' first wife and daughter of Creon
- Hercules marries her but Hera hates Hercules so Hera drives him mad
- Hercules kills his family including his wife and daughter and he has Miasma
- Hercules goes to the Oracles of Delphi to figure out how to remove his miasma and he is told that he has to go back to his hometown and answer to Eurystheus who will tell him which 12 labors he has to do.

What were the 12 labors of Hercules?

1. Nemean Lion
2. Hydra of Lerna
3. Ceryneian Stag
4. Erymanthian Boar
5. Augean Stables
6. Stymphalian Birds
7. Cretan Bull
8. Horses of Diomedes
9. Girdle of Hippolyta
10. Cattle of Geryon
11. The Apples of Hesperides
12. Cerberus

Nemean Lion

- the lion's skin can't be penetrated
- Hercules goes into the lion's lair and wrestles it and snaps its neck
- he uses the lion's claws to skin the lion and uses the lion's skin as his armor
- he has to go back to Eurystheus and find out the next labor

Hydra of Lerna

- Iolaus = nephew of Hercules
- Hercules reaches the hydra and tries to cute of the head of the multi-headed water serpent but two heads grow back each time; so Hercules figures out a plan
- Every time Hercules chops a head off, he has his nephew torch the place where the head was
- the middle head is immortal and when they cut its head off it spews bile and Hercules uses that poison to coat his arrows

Ceryneian Stag

- Magical deer of Artemis (female with golden horns and bronze hooves
- the deer is really fast and it takes a year to catch it
- he slightly wounds the deer and is carrying it back to Eurystheus when Apollo and Artemis stop him; he explains that it's a mission and they agree to let him bring the deer as long as he doesn't harm it

Erymanthian Boar and the side quest

-Giant boar that was ravaging the countryside. Hercules chased the boar up a mountain where it lived and caught it with a huge net.
- Heracles comes to the centaur cave of Pholus; he wants some of the centaur wine but he isn't allowed yet he opens the bottle anyways and the smell attracts centaurs
- they decide to battle and Hercules uses the poisonous arrows
- Chiron is wounded but he's immortal and in constant pain

Augean Stables and the Olympic Games

- Augeas was extremely lazy and didn't clean his stables so Hercules offers to clean the stables in 1 day in exchange for 1/10th of his cattle and Augeas agrees
- Hercules channels a river into the stables and cleans the stables
- Augeas finds out that Hercules is completing the 12 labors and goes back on his word & later on Hercules kills him and his sons
- the place where the stables were is considered a sacred site and the olympic games are hosted there in honor of the Greeks

Stymphalian Birds

- Deadly flock of birds that can shoot arrows out of their wings
- They started flinging their arrows but Hercules has the Nemean Lion's skin as a shield
- Hercules starts clanging the castanet and gets the birds to come out and he takes them out

Cretan Bull

- Minos summons the bull from the ocean and Hercules has to capture it but has to promise not to hurt it
- Hercules jumps on its back and it swims in the ocean all the way back to Eurystheus' palace and then it wanders Greece

Horses of Diomedes and side quest

- Diomedes' horses are trained to eat human flesh
- Hercules turns the horses on Diomedes and after the horses eat him, they wander near Olympus and are eaten by a pack of wolves
- On the way, Hercules comes across Admetus and Alcestis

Girdle of Hippolyta

- Hercules sends for her girdle (which means that you want to sleep with that person)
- Hera spreads a rumor to the other Amazons and tells them that Hercules is kidnapping their Queen
- Hercules thinks that he was set up so he kills the Queen and flees

Cattle of Geryon, Cup of Helios, Pillars of Hercules

- 3-bodied monster that lived at the edge of the world
- Hercules is so hot when he is traveling through Africa that he shoots an arrow towards the sun and Helios finds this amusing she he gives Hercules a cup
- He squeezes the cattle into the cup of Helios
- To get to the Atlantic ocean, you have to cross Gibraltar and to mark it, Hercules put up 2 pillars

Apples of the Hesperides, Ladon, Liberation of Prometheus, and Atlas

- Hesperides are nymphs of the west
- When Hera got married, she was gifted an apple tree
- the apple tree is put under the guard of the Hesperides and Ladon
- Hercules can't find the tree so he goes East and comes across Prometheus & frees him killing the Eagle
- Hercules asks Atlas to do the quest for him and offers to hold up the heaven & Atlas completes the quest but doesn't want to hold up the heavens
- Hercules tricks Atlas into holding the heavens again

Cerberus

- Hercules goes to the underworld and asks Hades and Persephone for Cerberus
- They agree on the condition that Hercules doesn't use any weapons to grab Cerberus
- Hercules grapples with the dog and puts him on a leash and brings it to Eurystheus and he is now free of Miasma

Temple of Zeus

- Displays the 12 labors in no specific order

Story of Eurytus, Iole and Iphitus

- Eurytus wants to marry off his daughter to someone spectacular. Who ever wins the archery contest wins her. Hercules wins but Eurytus says no because he doesn't want the same thing that happened to Meg to happen to his daughter.
- Eurytus notices that 12 fine mares are missing so he immediately blames Heracles
Iphitus (son of Eurytus), who admired Hercules follows him to Tiryns to prove his innocence
Heracles ended up pushing him over a cliff for being too noisy once again violating the code of xenia.

Story of Omphale

- Hercules is sentenced to 3 years of servitude (they sleep together alot and start switching clothes)
Greek eastern leaders engaged in women labors and that was normal
One day they were out in the field and they go in a cave and pan wants to cuddle up with Omphale but its Hercules in her clothes and he spoons him and hercules smashes him against the walls (Pan hasn't worn clothes since then)

Story of Cercopes

- Two brothers sneak up on Heracles while he's sleeping and and try to rob bim
- Heracles wakes up and suspended them from the ends of poles
- While they were hanging upside down they were cracking jokes saying "O beware the great black buttocks. That must be what Mama meant." Years before their mom warned them that black buttocks could defeat them
- Heracles was amused by this and let them go but the gods turn them into monkeys

Story of Hercules, Deianira, Ghost of Meleager, and Acheloüs

- When Heracles was in the underworld the ghost of Deianira's brother Meleager suggested that he marry her
- Acheloüs (serpent or a boar) was betrothed to Deianira but Hercules wrestles him, breaks off his horns, and wins the hand of Deianira

Story of Hercules, Nessus, Lichas, and Philoctetes

- Nessus used to live in Peloponnesus until Heracles drove him out with the drunken centaurs.
Helped people get across the Nessus River for for a fee
Heracles and Deianira cross a river, Heracles swims across and Deianira gets on Nessus' back.
Nessus tries to rape her. Hercules sees this happening and shoots him with his poisoned arrows.
As nessus is dying he says to Deianira gather my blood and my semen and it will be a powerful love potion
- Heracles killed Eurytus as revenge for not giving him Iole and takes her and runs away to a cave with her
- Hercules is preparing a sacrifice for Zeus as a thanks to his victory and asked Lichas to fetch him a clean shirt
- Deianira smears the love potion all over the shirt once she finds out about Iore
- Hercules erupts in flames and ends, as he's dying he kills Lichas thinking he set him up
- Heracles built his own Pyre but no one dared to light it except for Philoctetes
Grateful for this Heracles gave him his bows which would later be important for the Trojan war

Hebe "Youth"

- Goddess of youth; cupbearer of the gods
- Heracles married her after death on Mount Olympus so he never got old

Who was Cecrops and what did he have to do with Athena vs. Poseidon?

- He was a autochthonous king who ruled during the golden age
- Athena and Poseidon each offer Cecrops' people gifts; Athena gives an olive tree which is very useful and can grow anywhere and lasts thousands of years;
Poseidon gives them a spring, but it produces salt water which isn't useful to the people
The people still worship Poseidon and Poseidon isn't mad

Story of Erichthonius, Athena, and Cecrops

- Hephaestus tried to rape Athena and during the struggle, his semen fell on Athena's thigh. The goddess took some wool to wipe it away and threw it on the ground
- Athena instructs Cecrops' daughters not to look into the basket, one of the daughters listen but the other two don't.
- Curious to see what was inside, they opened it and saw the infant Erichthonius wrapped around a snake. Driven in madness due to the sight, the two sisters along with the third, Pandrosus, fled and fell off the Acropolis to their deaths.

Story of Procne, Philomela, and Tereus

- Procne is married to king Tereus and is the sister of Philomela
- King Tereus rapes Philomela and then cuts her tongue to silence her, but she weaves a tapestry of the crime and shows it to her sister
- In order to get her revenge, Procne kills their son (Itys), cooks him, and then serves him to Tereus
- Tereus is angry and tries to go after the sisters but the gods intervene and turn them all into birds
- Hoopoe is Tereus
- Swallow is Philomela
- Nightingale is Procne

Story of Aegeus, Pittheus, and Aethra

- Aegeus is Erecthius' nephew who becomes king
- His brother Pallas wants the throne and has sons but Aegeus doesn't have an heir so he goes to Delphi the Oracle
- Delphi tells him not to open wine skin until you reach the heart of Athens ; Aegeus doesn't understand the prophecy, so he goes to Troezen and asks Pittheus
- Pittheus pretends like he doesn't know what the prophecy means because he wants his daughter Aethra to be the on to sleep with Aegeus
- Pittheus gets Aegeus drunk and sends his daughter to Aegeus who becomes pregnant
- Aethra has a dream and she is told to go out to an island and make a sacrifice to Poseidon. Poseidon sleeps with her and she becomes pregnant with one child (Theseus)
- Aegeus realizes that Aethra is pregnant and since he has to go back to Athens, he places a sword and sandal under a rock and tells Aethra, (if the child is a male, when he comes of age, if he is able to lift the rock, then send him to Athens and have him show me the sword and sandal so that I can acknowledge him as my son

The Labors of Theseus

Periphetes (Clubber)
- Periphetes had a bronze club and when Theseus approaches, Periphetes threatens him ; Theseus tricks Periphetes into giving him the club and he beats him with the club

Sinis (Pine Bender)
- Sinis ties travelers to bent-down pine trees and releases the pine tree tearing the person in two; Perseus ends up killing him using Sinis' own method

Phaea's Pig
- Huge wild pig that Theseus takes out

Sciron
- Sciron forces travelers to wash his feet and then kicks them so that they fall of the cliff and into the sea where the giant turtle eats them
- Theseus grabs Sciron by the foot and throws him into the sea and he's eaten by the turtle

Cercyron the wrestler
- Challenges travelers to a win-or-die wrestling match but Theseus beats him

Procrustes
- Procrustes offers people a place to stay and the house has 2 bed a long one and a short one; once the traveler lays down, Procrustes makes the person fit in the bed by wither elongating their limbs or hammering down their length; Theseus does the same thing to him

Story of Theseus, Aegeus, and Medea

- Medea doesn't want Theseus to become the next king so she wants him dead ; she influences her husband Aegeus and convinces him to her side, since he was already scared that one of his brothers' sons would try to kill him
- Soon after Theseus arrives in Athens, he sends Theseus to capture the Marathonian Bull
- The Marathonian Bull is actually the Cretan Bull, it roamed to Marathon. Theseus captures it and shows it to his father and then sacrifices it to Apollo
- Medea convinces Aegeus to attempt to poison Theseus, but right before Theseus is about to drink the poison, Aegeus recognizes Theseus' sword and his sandals and Medea flees

Death of Aegeus

- Theseus kills the minotaur and after leaves Ariadne, he is headed back home
- Aegeus told Theseus to switch the sails to white so that he knew Theseus was alive but Theseus forgot to switch the sails and Aegeus sees the sails thinking that Theseus is dead, so he leaps to his death

Story of Antiope (Hippolyta)

- Theseus wants an Amazonian woman, so he kidnaps Antiope and the Amazons follow him back to Athens and a battle breaks out between the Amazons and Athens

What is the Areopagus?

- "Ares Hill"
- the city's prime council

Story of Hippolytus and Phaedra

- Hippolytus is the son of Theseus and Hippolyta
- Hippolytus is a virgin and follower of Artemis
- Hippolytus mocked Aphrodite by ignoring her statue and paying honor to Artemis' statue
- Aphrodite makes Phaedra fall in love with Hippolytus who is her step son
- Hippolytus rejected her love. Bitter, Phaedra lied to her husband in a letter before killing herself saying that Hippolytus raped her.
- Theseus cursed his son and used one of the three wishes Poseidon offered him wishing his son was dead. (unintentionally)
- He exiled him because he didn't want to kill him, So a bit later, Poseidon send his monsters to scare Hippolytus' horses and Hippolytus' chariot horses were scared by a sea monster and dragged him to death.
- In another version, Phaedra lied to Theseus, who killed Hippolytus; out of guilt, Phaedra committed suicide.
Moral of the story: Refusal of biological and social obligations (as a male you're expected to have children and continue the family line)

Story of Theseus, Perithoüs, and Centauromachy

- Perithoüs grows admiration and forms a brotherhood with Theseus
- Hippodamia married Pirithous and invited centaurs to the wedding feast (They were cousins)
- The Centaurs got drunk and tried to rape Hippodamia and her attendants - This was the start of the Centauromachy

Story of Theseus, Perithoüs, Helen, and Persephone

- Both men are now single and looking for new wives (preferably daughters of Zeus)
- Helen was a daughter of Zeus but not yet of marriageable age so Theseus chose her, kidnapped her, hid her away until she matured
- Pirithous wanted to marry Persephone so they journeyed to the underworld
- Hades invites them to sit in a chair for a meal and immediately their flesh start clinging to the chair and his limbs were bound by serpents
- sons of Zeus and brothers of Helen come and take her back home while Theseus is in the underworld
- Menestheus takes over Athens and Theseus flees to Skyros
The king there ends up pushing him off of a cliff

What city and region does Jason come from?

Iolcus and Thessaly

Where did the Argonauts start their expedition?

Iolcus

When was Iolcus prestigious?

Bronze Age

Author of Argonautika

Apollonius of Rhodes

How is the Argonautika special?

it survived almost in its entirety

Parents of Phrixus and Helle

Athamas and Nephele "the cloud"

Ino and Athamas

Athamas divorces Nephele and married Ino. Ino becomes the wicked stepmother to Phrixus and Helle. Ino has a plan to kill the kids.

Ino convinces farmers' wives to parch the seeds so nothing grows, creating a famine. She then bribes the oracle to tell Athamas he must sacrifice Phrixus to stop the famine.

Attempted Sacrifice of Helle and Phrixus

Ino tries to get her husband Athamas to sacrifice his son Phrixus to stop a famine she created. Nephele, mother of Phrixus, is upset so she sends a golden ram to the alter. Phrixus and Helle jump on the golden ram and fly away.

They fly towards the black sea and Helle falls off into an inlet. The inlet is names Hellesponte.

How did the Hellesponte get its name?

It is the inlet Helle fell of the golden ram into

What did Nephele send to save her children

golden ram

Phrixus in Colchis

Phrixus and the golden ram land on Colchis where he is greeted by King Aeetes. Phrixus sacrifices the ram as a gift to the king. He hangs the golden fleece from the ram in a grove of Ares nearby and has a dragon guard it. He then marries a princess.

Father of King Aeetes of Colchis

helios

What is the relevance of Phrixus, Helle, Ino, Athamas, and Helle?

Their stories led to the golden fleece being hung up. Jason later went searching for the golden fleece.

Niece of Athamas

Tyro

Tyro and Poseidon

Tyro, niece of Athamas, falls in love with Enipeus, a river god. Enipeus rejects her so Poseidon takes the form of Enipeus to trick Tyro into having sex with him. They have two kids: Pelias and Neleus. The twins don't get along and Pelias exiles Neleus so he can rule Thessaly.

Which god hates Pelias?

Hera

Half-brother of Pelias, true heir to the throne

Aeson

Conception/Birth of Jason

Pelias imprisons Aeson so he can't claim the throne in Thessaly. While in prison Aeson's wife gets pregnant with Jason. To keep Jason safe from Pelias they hide him. When he is born the wife has handmaids wail to hide his cries and make Pelias believe the child was stillborn. The handmaids then sent Jason into the wilderness to be raised by Chiron the centaur.

Pelias and Jason meet

Jason is heading down the mountain when he has matured and encounters a raging river. He helps an old woman (actually Hera) cross it and loses a sandal. Pelias recognizes Jason when he arrives because an oracle said Pelias would be overthrown by a one-sandaled man who was the rightful king. To get rid of Jason Pelias sends him on a quest to get the Golden Fleece.

Who built the Argo?

Argus

What special god thing is on the Argus?

It has a magical prow placed there by Athena. Athena talks through a statue on the prow to give Jason advice.

The Argonauts (names)

Heracles, Orpheus, Castor and Pollux, The Boreads, Telamon, and Peleus

The Argonauts on Lemnos

They find that the island of Lemnos is inhabited only by women. It is said that the women neglected Aphrodite so she gave them horrible body odor. When their husbands got concubines from Thrace they slaughtered them.

The Argonauts spend years having sex with the women.

Eventually Heracles rebukes them for not being focused on the quest and they leave in shame.

How is a male population created on Lemnos?

Jason has sex with Queen Hipsipyle and they have children.

Who wrote a series of letters from angry women to the Argonauts?

Ovid

The Argonauts and the Doliones

The Doliones recognize the heroes and welcome them. After a large feast the Argonauts leave, but their ship gets blown back ashore during a night storm. The Doliones attacked not knowing it was the Argonauts and the Argonauts slaughtered them. A shrine was built and then the Argonauts moved on.

Who was Heracles' lover?

Hylas

Heracles, Hylas, and Doliones

Hylas went to get water on the island and water nymphs fell madly in love with him. The nymphs dragged him into the lake when he tried to run. Heracles spent so much time looking for Hylas that the Argo left without him.

The Argonauts and Phineus

Phineus was given the gift of prophecy by Zeus or Apollo. The gods hated that he would not speak in riddles so they struck him with blindness and cursed him with a long life. He was plagued by harpies "snatchers". Every day a feast appears on his table and the Harpies steal the food before he can eat.

The Boreads attacked the harpies to save Phineus. Phineus then gave Jason advice on how to pass through the Symplegades.

"Snatchers"

Harpies

The Argonauts and the Symplegades

This area is dangerous due to clashing rocks cloaked in mist that keep people from sailing through the black sea. After the Argo sails through the rocks stand still forever.

Phineus told Jason to release a dove and if the dove made it alive then so would the Argo. He does that. The dove survived but lost a few feathers. The Argo passed through and lost a banner.

Medea and Jason (how they met)

Hera has Eros strike Medea with an arrow so she falls in love with Jason

Who is Medea's father and where is she located when she meets Jason

Aeetes//Colchis

Why does King Aeetes fear Jason?

There was a prophecy that a descendant of one of Jason's ancestors would kill him and that a foreigner would come on his shores and be his undoing.

What does Aeetes have that Jason needs?

The golden fleece

Jason's tasks at Colchis

The golden fleece is here! Aeetes, the king, plans to kill the Argonauts by giving Jason tasks to complete to "prove" that the gods favor him.

Jason must yoke two fire breathing, bronze hoofed bulls and use them to plow the ground. He must then sow the other six dragons' teeth and kill the warriors that sprout from the ground.

Medea gives him a potion to make him fire-resistant and tells him to defeat the warriors the same way Cadmus did.

Jason succeeds and Aeetes throws a banquet where he plans to kill the Argonauts. Medea knows this will end badly so she leads Jason to the fleece, drugs the dragon with a sleeping potion, and they flee.

Brother of Medea

Apsyrtus

Dismemberment of Apsyrtus

Apsyrtus asks Medea if he can tag along on the Argo and she agrees. When Aeetes fleet nearly catches up to the Argo (fleeing after stealing the golden fleece) they chop up Apsyrtus and throw his parts overboard. His parts must be picked up for a Greek burial, so the Argo has time to escape.

Is the return geography of the Argo possible outside of myth?

no

The Argonauts and the Sirens

Sirens sing songs from the rocks in dangerous areas with deep water, ripping currents, and jagged cliffs. Men sail towards the song and their ships crash. The Argonauts got through by Orpheus playing beautiful music that drowned out the song.

The Argonauts in Libya

The Argonauts journeyed through the "burning sands" on their way back to Iolcus. They carried the Argo for nine days untl they reached Lake Tritonis. They passed the Garden of Hespirides.

The Argonauts vs. Talus

The Argonauts arrived in Crete which was protected by Talus, the robot. He has a vein of ichor that keeps him alive. Medea enchants him to freeze. When he freezes he falls onto rocks, his ankle plug falls out, and the ichor drains which kills him.

Jason's arrival in Iolcus after retrieving the Golden Fleece

Pelias refuses to give up the throne. Medea instructs the daughter of Pelias to chop him up, promising that she can make him young again if they do (lamb and herb demonstration). Pelias ends up dead/chopped up. The people of Iolcus are furious and force Jason and Medea into exile.

Where do Jason and Medea flee to after being exiled from Iolcus?

Corinth

Jason and Medea in Corinth (Medea's Revenge)

Jason and Medea settle down in Corinth where they have two kids. Jason then decides he wants to marry Princess Creusa for power.

Medea is angry and weaves a robe smeared with magical poison that she gives to Creusa on her wedding day. Creusa bursts into flames when she puts it on. Her and Creon burn to death after he jumps on her to try and put the fire out. Medea then goes home and kills her children before getting in a carriage carried by dragons and flying to Athens.

Two names for the princess of Corinth (daughter "Creon"/ruler)

Creusa and Glauce

Death of Jason

Jason was miserable after losing his girlfriend, fiance, and kids. One day he was sitting on the edge of the rotted Argo and a beam fell, hit his head, and killed him.

Who wrote Medea

Euripides