KEY TERMS 1

A priori

Knowledge that is gained independently of experience

Deductive Reasoning

An argument where the conclusion is logically guaranteed by the premises.

Abductive Reasoning

A form of reasoning that offers the best possible explanation for observed facts.

A posteriori

Knowledge that is derived from experience or empirical evidence

Inductive Reasoning

An argument where the conclusion is probable, based on supporting evidence.

Ethics

The study of moral principles and how we distinguish right from wrong.

Applied Ethics

The application of ethical theories to practical issues (e.g. war, medical ethics).

Normative Ethics

The study of ethical theories that set standards or rules for behaviour.

Deontological

An ethical approach focused on duty, rules, and obligations

Teleological

An ethical approach that judges actions by their outcomes.

Evangelism

From the Greek word meaning ‘good message’ / ‘good news’. The act of spreading the Christian gospel. The writers of the four Gospels are called the Four Evangelists.

Canon

The collection of books accepted as authoritative Scripture by the Church.

Apostolic Tradition

The tradition that stems from Jesus’ Apostles. Jesus commanded them to preach the Gospel to all people. This was done orally, through teaching received from Jesus and the Holy Spirit; also in writing by the Apostles and those associated with them, again under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.

Ecumenical Council

Councils of church leaders and scholars who met to decide matters of doctrine and practice. The decisions of ecumenical councils were taken as authoritative for the whole Church.

Apostolic Succession

The Apostolic Tradition was continued in the Apostolic Succession. Jesus’ Apostles appointed bishops to be their successors, who in turn appointed others, giving teaching and authority. This established a continuous line of succession that would last until the end of time.