Kinetic Particles Model of Matter (chapter 8)

Kinetic particle model of matter definition

The kinetic particles model of matter is made up of many tiny particles that a re in continuous motion

Solid arrangement and motion

Arrangement:

• Particles are closely packed and arrange in a regular pattern. The particles in solids have the least energy among the three states of matter.

• Observation Properties: solid have the highest densities

Motion:

• Particles vibrate about fixed positions. They are held in positions by strong attractive forces between particles.

• Observations properties :solid have fixed volume and a fixed shape

Liquid arrangement and motion

Arraignment:

• particles are slightly less closely packed than in solids and arranged in irregular pattern.

• Observable Patterns: Liquids have a slightly lower density than solids

Motion:

• The particles slide over each other throughout the liquid without fixed position . The forces holding the particles together are weaker than solid

• Observable Properties: Liquids have a fixed volume and no fixed shape.

Gas arrangement and motion

Arrangement:

• particles are very far apart from one another in an irregular pattern. The particles in gases have the most energy among the three states.

• Observable Properties: Gas have the lowest densities

Motion

• The particles can move freely in any direction. The attractive forces between the particles are weak.

• Observable Properties: Gas have no fixed volume and no fixed shape. A gas takes up the volume a shape of its container.

How does Kinetic Particle model relate to temperature

1. When a substance such as water is heated, the kinetic energy of the particles increases and the particles vibrate or move faster.

2. Hence, the thermometer is in contact with the water, the more energetic particles in the water transfer some of the energy to less energetic particles in the thermometer through collisions.

3. With more energy, the particles tend to push each other further apart so the matter expands. however, liquids expand more easily than solids. The liquid column in the thermometer expands noticeably along the calibrated scale but the length of the thermometer’s glass body hardly change.

Temperatures rises with the average kinetic energy of the particles increases a body and vice versa.