Health Final Exam Review

Texas Health Exam Study Flashcards

dominant gene

Is a trait that will ALWAYS cover up a recessive trait whenever it is present it will be written with a capital letter.

recessive gene

a gene that is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent. (Absence of dominant gene)

Custodial parents

Parent with whom the child lives; able to legally make health and wellness decisions.

Non-custodial parent

The parent who does not have primary care, custody, or control of the child and has an obligation to pay child support.

malnutrition

lack of proper nutrition

Malnutrition effects on body

Malnutrition can result in unplanned weight loss, a low body mass index (BMI) and vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Legal Consent

permission granted voluntarily by a person in his/her right mind. The consent age in Texas is 17.

Physical Health

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

Mental health

a person's condition with regard to their psychological, emotional, and social well-being.

emotional health

How we think and feel. It is about our sense of wellbeing, our ability to cope with life events and how we acknowledge our own emotions as well as those of others.

negotation

the process of discussion and compromise between conflicting positions.

Conflict

A struggle between opposing forces/parties.

peer pressure

a feeling that you should do something because that is what your friends want.

positive peer pressure

influence from peers to behave in a responsible way.

negative peer pressure

pressure you feel to go along with harmful behaviors or beliefs of others.

Burnout

a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation

Stigma

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.

Physical bullying

physically hurting or threatening to hurt someone.

Verbal Bullying

insulting, teasing, harassing, or intimidating someone

Social bullying

purposely excluding someone from conversations or activities, spreading rumors, or withholding friendship.

cyber bully

Bullying that takes place by email, instant messaging, text messages or web sites.

verbal communication

expressing ideas to others by using spoken words

Non-verbal communication

Communicating without the use of words.

visual communication

Form of communication between animals using their bodies, includes various forms of display.

written communication

any communication that must be read.

water consumption benefits

Skin Clarity and Health, Weight Control, Blood Pressure Regulation, Body Temperature Regulation, and energy boosting.

water intoxication

the rare condition in which body water contents are too high in all body fluid compartments.

fight or flight response

activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety

suicide

the act of intentionally taking one's own life.

Do's for helping someone in distress

1. If you feel you cannot ask this person to seek help, take steps yourself to alert the proper people.
2. Tell the person you are worried about that you do not want them to die. Saying something as simple as: "Please don't hurt yourself," "I don't want you to kill yourself; I would miss you terribly," "My life would be less full without you," can help the distressed person think about their reasons for living.Say, "I am here."
3. Point them to resources. Become familiar with resources available to the campus community and ask the person you are concerned about to seek help.
4. Tell Someone.
5. Act on your instincts. If you're even slightly worried about someone being an immediate danger to themselves or others, take action.

Don'ts for helping someone in distress

1. Don't say, "I know how you feel." Even if you've been severely depressed or even suicidal, everyone's situation is different. It's very likely that you do not know how this person feels.
2. Don't say, "Get over it." Depression or suicidal thoughts are not simple to get over. Depression is a complex medical and emotional condition. A person cannot "get over" clinical depression on their own.
3. Don't say, "There was a tornado in Arkansas. Be thankful for what you have and realize other people have it worse than you do." This may make the depressed person feel like their pain and sadness is further diminished in importance.
4. Do not ignore warning signs. People who are depressed or suicidal often ask for help either verbally or with other warning signs. Take these signs seriously; they are a cry for help. Take action.
5. Do not keep it a secret. Even if the depressed or suicidal person asks you not to tell others after confiding in you, don't keep it a secret. It is better to get them help than to keep the secret and they hurt themselves or someone else.

anxiety disorders

A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Behavioral Disorders

Conditions in which the emotional or behavioral responses of individuals significantly differ from those of their peers and seriously impact their relationships.

bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Depression

A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness.

eating diorders

extreme, harmful eating behaviors that can cause serious illness or even death.

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

minor stressors

• Shorter-term or less severe stressors
- Traffic hassles
- Peer/work relations
- Time pressures
- Family squabbles

Major stressors

A type of stressor involving an event that is extraordinarily stressful or disturbing for almost everyone who experiences it.

physical stress

Feeling stress with physical pain.

psychological stress

the sense that your challenges and demands surpass your current capacities, resources, and energies.

mental stress

mental arousal or discomfort caused by stressful situations.

Explain the steps of D.E.C.I.D.E decision making process

(1) D = define the problem, (2) E = establish the criteria, (3) C = consider all the alternatives, (4) I = identify the best alternative, (5) D = develop and implement a plan of action, and (6) E = evaluate and monitor the solution.

addiciton

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Vape

inhale and exhale the vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device.

Negative long term effects of vaping

Lung cancer, Coughing, Dry/sore throat, Headaches, etc.

1st hand smoke

from direct use/inhalation of the smoke from the source

2nd hand smoke

a combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and side stream smoke

3rd hand smoke

Smoke absorbed into the fabric of chairs/carpet. (residue)You touch it, you may get cancer.

Alcohol

Addictive substance added to adult beverages.

Alcoholism

A progressive, chronic disease involving a mental and physical need for alcohol.

Alcohol effects on the body

High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems. Cancer of the breast, mouth, throat, esophagus, voice box, liver, colon, and rectum. Weakening of the immune system, increasing the chances of getting sick. Learning and memory problems, including dementia and poor school performance.

part of brain affected by alcohol

cerebellum/Medulla/Cerebral Cortex/Hippocampus

club drugs

Illegal drugs that are found mostly in nightclubs or at all-night dance parties called raves.

support group

a group of people who help one another recover from an addiction, a particular disease, or a difficult situation.

developmental differences

Changes in students' thinking, personalities, and social skills that result from maturation and experience.

elder abuse

the abuse or neglect of older family members.

Adult abuse

Neglect/abuse of adults.

Child abuse

physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child.

sibling abuse

physical, emotional, or sexual abuse of one sibling by another.

relationship

the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected, or the state of being connected.

Role of Calcuim

Calcium is a mineral most often associated with healthy bones and teeth, although it also plays an important role in blood clotting, helping muscles to contract, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions.

1st degree burn

Only the epidermis is damaged (red, painful, and edema)

2nd degree burn

epidermis and part of dermis (blistered)

3rd degree burn

All three layers have been effected (Epidermis, dermis, and Hypo dermis)

heatstroke

elevated body temperature such that the body's internal organs begin to shut down because of excessive heat.

Heatstroke symptoms

Confusion, altered mental status, slurred speech, high body temperature, etc.

Communicable disease

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.

non-communicable disease

Also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Not spread from one species/person to another.

monounsaturated fats

Have these healthy fats in small amounts. Deemed safe by the FDA.

polyunsaturated fats

Have these healthy fats in small amounts. They supply omega-3 and omega-6. Your body can't make these important nutrients on its own. Deemed safe by the FDA

Saturated fats

Processed meats. Not healthy.

Trans Fats

made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils. Not healthy.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications

Sold without a doctor's prescription

Prescription Medications

Can only be purchased with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional.

Depressants

drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

Opioids

Relieve pain by turning off the nerves that send pain signals and stimulating the brain to release endorphins and dopamine

Fentanyl

fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 100 times more powerful than morphine, and 30-50 times more powerful than heroin, and 10 times stronger than cocaine.

PMS

Changes in your body's hormone levels before your period can cause physical and emotional changes.

Ovary

A female reproductive organ in whichGes eggs are produced.

gestational diabetes mellitus

a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies.

STI

Sexually transmitted infection. Can cause infertility.

genital herpes

a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus

HIV

A sexually transmitted virus that attacks and weakens the human immune system.

outbreak

recurrence of symptoms

Herpes Type 1

Which form of herpes generally causes sores or fever blisters from the waist up, specifically around the mouth (should not be treated during outbreak)

HPV

most common STI in US

AIDS

A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.

Syphilis

an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete.

Second stage of syphilis

involves the appearance of a copper color rash all over the body, including palms and feet

Research Based Health Claim

any claim made on the label or in labeling of a food.

first trimester

0-13 weeks

Second trimester

14-26 weeks

third trimester

27-40 weeks