Cardiac Dynamics and Hypertension

Flashcards covering key concepts of cardiac function, particularly focusing on hypertension, its classifications, risk factors, consequences, and regulatory mechanisms.

What is the definition of hypertension according to the lecture notes provided?

Hypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 or higher and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 or higher for 2 weeks.

What are the two types of hypertension mentioned in the lecture?

Primary (Idiopathic/Essential) hypertension and Secondary hypertension.

What causes Secondary hypertension?

Secondary hypertension is caused by disease states or adverse effects from medications.

What are some essential risk factors for hypertension?

Essential risk factors include genetics, increased sodium intake, smoking, stress, and high BMI.

What are the consequences of uncontrolled hypertension?

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to arterial constriction, vision loss, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke.

What hormone-related conditions are associated with secondary hypertension?

Cushing's disease (excess glucocorticoid secretions) and primary aldosteronism (tumor in kidneys) are associated with secondary hypertension.

What are the four mechanisms that regulate blood pressure (BP)?

1. Arterial baroreceptors control BP by altering heart rate and causing vasoconstriction/dilation. 2. Regulation of body-fluid volume by the kidneys.

How do kidneys regulate blood pressure according to the notes?

The kidneys maintain fluid when blood pressure is low and excrete fluid when blood pressure is high.

What demographic is noted to be particularly susceptible to hypertension?

African Americans are noted to be particularly susceptible to hypertension.

What is the relationship between aging and hypertension according to the notes?

The notes indicate that the risk of hypertension gradually develops over the years, particularly in individuals over 60 years old.