APU3 Quiz

What is the definition of material culture?

Anything physical indention on the environment

What are some examples of material culture?

Clothing, buildings, agricultural products, technology

What is the subsystem based around material culture?

The Technological Subsystem

Describe the technological subsystem: AP Human Geography

The material objects that a culture produces, as well as the procedures surrounding these things

Examples of things included in the technological subsystem:

**Artifacts,** tools, clohing, architecture

What is non-material culture?

Ideas created by a society, conscious organizations

Representations of non-material culture:

Religious orientations, language, theories

Complexes surrounding non-material culture:

The sociological and ideological subsystems

What is the sociological subsystem:

How people in a culture are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured

Examples of the sociological subsystem:

social, economic, and political systems, **sociofacts**

What is the Ideological Subsystem?

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture

Representations of the ideological subsystem

language, thoughts, beliefs, feelings, **mentifacts**

What is pop culture?

Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits even if there is much diversity, independent of local government, spreads due to technology

How is pop culture spread?

Through communication and transportation

Examples of pop culture:

Youtube, TV, Whole Foods, Internet

What is folk culture?

Something traditionally practiced by groups in homogeneous, rural, isolated areas, origins usually known, resistant to change

How is folk culture spread?

Through relocation

Examples of folk culture:

Traditional clothing (like that of the Xhosa people), old architecture, traditional food, Amish,

What are some threats to folk culture?

Space-time compression causes folk to get replaced by pop culture, controversy, exposure to modern trends

Describe interactions between pop and folk cultures:

cultural transition zones, assimilation, multiculturalism, syncretism

Specific examples of interaction between folk and pop culture:

Assimilation: Native Americans forced to cut hair and go to American schools, Syncretism: McDonalds & Indian diets, Multiculturalism: Chinatown in Cali and Little Italy in Boston

What is globalization?

 the increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world. It provides an opportunity to diffuse ideas, as well as learn about other places (including the cultural landscape)/McDonaldization

Examples of Globalization in the cultural landscape:

McDonald’s in other countries, spread of pop culture around the world

What are cultural hearths?

 a place of origin for a widespread cultural trend

What are some examples of cultural trends?

Mesopotamia, Nile Valley and the Indus Valley, Wei-Huang Valley, Ganges Valley, Mesoamerica, West Africa, Andean America.

What is relocation diffusion?

 when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them. Immigration from country to country, city to city, etc. As they relocate to a new location, they bring their ideas, and cultural traditions such as food, music, and more.

What are some real-world examples of relocation diffusion?

Religions such as Christianity and Islam, International Food in Shreveport, language spread, cajun country in South Louisiana,

What is contagious diffusion?

the distance-controlled spreading of an idea through a local population by contact from person to person. Similarly to a disease, it spreads rapidly from one source to another from person to person. Another way to think of it is like the spreading of a forest fire.

What are examples of contagious diffusion?

viral internet memes, oral spread of religion

Three types of expansion diffusion:

Hierarchical, contagious, stimulus

What is hierarchical diffusion?

The spread from one key person called a node to large cities, then smaller, then rural areas

Examples of hierarchical diffusion:

Covid vaccine, stores like Trader Joe’s

True/False: COntagious Diffusion can begin as hierarchical

True

Does hierarchical affect everyone?

Not necessarily

What is stimulus diffusion?

when an idea diffuses from its cultural hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters.

Examples of stimulus diffusion

McDonald’s in India, Pizza in America,