BSC 1413 Zoology Spring 2025 Exam 1 Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the BSC 1413 Zoology Spring 2025 Exam 1 Answer Guide.

Hierarchy of Life (Downward from Individual)

Organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ

Population

All individuals of a species that live in an area and can interact.

Lowest (Most Specific) Rank in Taxonomy (from given list)

Family

Domain NOT Containing Prokaryotes

Eukarya

Cell Organelle in Plant and Animal Cells

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Structure with stacked membrane compartments that refines and packages cellular products.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Internal cellular membrane with no ribosomes that breaks down toxins.

Mitochondrial Outer Membrane

Membrane least likely to have a lipid composition similar to other membranes in the cell (ER, Golgi, lysosome, plasma membrane).

Microfilaments

Cytoskeletal structures composed of actin that regulate cell shape, movement, and muscle contraction.

Gap Junctions

Allow animal cells to pass materials directly to neighboring cells.

Smooth Muscle

Muscle responsible for peristaltic contractions in the digestive tract and arteries.

Gene Activity

Reason why bone, muscle, and skin cells look different despite having the same chromosomes.

Connective Tissue

Differs from other tissue types by consisting of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Small Nonpolar Molecule/Dissolved Gases

Most likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without transport protein assistance.

Active Transport

Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient.

Osmosis

The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from hypotonic to hypertonic solution.

Exocytosis

Substances leaving a cell.

Protoplasmic Grade of Organization

Characterizes a unicellular paramecium.

Bilateral Symmetry

Single plane divides animal into right and left mirror images.

Gastroderm

Tissue layer NOT found in triploblastic animals.

Acoelomate

Animal lacking a body cavity, having a solid mass of tissue.

Animalia

Kingdom emphasized in this course.

Ventral Surface (Frog)

Belly

Rare Worm

Organism LEAST likely to fossilize.

Early Earth Atmosphere

Rich in gases released from volcanic eruptions.

Rusting of Iron

Early consequence of oxygen release by photosynthesis.

Haploid

Cell with a single set of chromosomes.

Centromere

Region of a chromosome holding replicated DNA strands together.

G1 Phase

Considerable cell growth occurs.

XX

Chromosome combination for a human female.

Mitosis

Cell division resulting in daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (e.g., 16 in this case).

Meiosis

Cell division resulting in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (e.g., 8 in this case).

Meiosis

Typically results in the production of 4 haploid cells.

Mitosis

Typically results in the production of 2 diploid cells.

Homologous Chromosomes

May exchange parts during meiosis, have alleles for the same characteristics, are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from each parent, pair up during meiosis.

Anaphase II

Phase of meiosis in which sister chromatids are separated.

Diploid Zygote

Product of fertilization.

Monophyletic Group

A group that contains all descendants

Paraphyletic Group

A group that leaves out some descendants

Ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Biosphere

The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms.

Community

An interacting group of various species in a common location.

Tissue-Organ

Level of organization where tissues are organized into organs.