History Review Midterm

Which event marked the beginning of a new era of labor conflict in the United States?

The great Railroad Strike of 1877

What was the primary cause of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

wage cuts during an economic downturn

How did the federal government respond to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

it deployed federal troops to suppress the strike

what was the goal of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

focus on skilled labor and advocate for higher wages and better conditions

Who was known for pioneering the concept of scientific management, or taylorism?

frederick Winslow taylor

The term “robber baron” was often used to describe

business leaders who exploited workers and crushed competition

What was the purpose of trusts and monopolies in the Gilded Age?

to consolidate industries and eliminate competitors

Social Darwinism was used to justify

the belief that economic success was a result of survival of the fittest

Which industry was most affected by the implementation of taylorism

manufacturing

What was the major consequence of the Great merger movement between 1895 and 1904

the rise of massive corporations that controlled entire industries

Which labor union was open to all workers including women and unskilled laborers?

the knights of labor

Whar was the significance of the Haymarket riot

it turned public opinion against labor unions due to perceived radicalism

What was the main reason for the decline of the knights of labor?

its association with violence after the Haymarket riot

How did business leaders react to the rise of labor unions

they often hired strikebreakers and used private security forces like the pinkertons

The “gospel of wealth” was a philosophy associated with

andrew carneige

What did Andrew Carnegie argue in his “gospel of wealth”

the wealthy should use their riches to benefit society

The federal governments response to major labor strikes in the late 19th century can best be described as

generally in favor of business owners and against striking workers

What did henry George argue in his book progress and poverty?

economic progress often resulted in increased inequality

What was one effect of mass production on workers

lower wages and more repetitive, unskilled work

What was the purpose of the Sherman antitrust act?

to break up large monopolies and prevent anti-competitive practices

What was the main purpose of the homestead act of 1862

to give settlers free land if they improved it

What was the major consequence of the westward expansion after the civil war

violent conflicts between settlers and native American tribes

the transcontinental railroad was completed in

1869

what was the primary purpose of the dawes act of 1887

to assimilate native Americans by dividing tribal lands

what was the result of the indian wars of the late 19th century

the u.s government forced most native Americans onto reservations

what was the key economic activity that helped develop the west

mining, ranching, and farming

which native American leader famously led the resistance at the battle of little bighorn

sitting bull

the destruction of what animal played a major role in the decline of native American resistance

buffalo

the term “bufallo soldiers” referred to

african American cavalry units in the u.s army

what was the purpose of the Carlisle Indian school

to assimilate native American children into white American society

why did settlers move westward in the late 19th century

they sought land, economic opportunities, and gold

the ghost dance movement was associated with

a spiritual movement that sought to restore native American lands and culture

the massacre at wounded knew in 1890 resulted in

the death of over 200 native American men, women, and children

what was the on effect of the expansion of railroads in the west

it increased trade and connected western economies to the national market

who was responsible for leading the Apache resistance against u.s forces

geronimo

what role did women play in the settlement of the west

they worked in homesteading, teaching, and business venture

the term “manifest destiny” refers to

the belief that the u.s was destined to expand across North america

what was a major issue facing Chinese immigrants in the west

they faced discrimination and restrictive immigration laws

which of the following was a major impact of mining in the west

rapid population growth and the creation of boomtowns

the Oklahoma land rush of 1889 involved

a government organized race to claim land in Indian territory

What was the major factor contributing to the rapid growth of American cities in the late 19th century

the expansion of railroads and industrial jobs

the “new immagrants” who arrived in the u.s between 1880 and 1920

southern and eastern Europe

what was a primary reason for the rise of tenement housing in cities

overcrowding and lack of affordable housing for immigrants and the poor

which invention had the greatest impact on the expansion of cities

the electric elevator

what was the purpose of political machines in cities

to provide social services in exchange for political support

who was the infamous leader of new york’s Tammany hall

boss William tweed

what was a major challenge faced by workers in industrial america

unsafe working conditions and long hours

the American Federation of Labor primarily focused on

winning better wages, hours, and working conditions for skilled workers

what was a common strategy used by labor unions to fight for worker rights

strikes and collective bargaining

what a key characteristic of the knights of labor

it included workers of all skill levels, races, and genders

which law was passed to restrict immigration from China in 1882

jacob riis’ book How the other half lives exposed

the Chinese exclusion act

why did activists oppose immigration in the late 19th century

the poor living conditions of immigrants in city tenements

what was one impact of the rise of mass production

they believed immigrants would take jobs and lower wages

what role did women play in industrial america

the primarily worked in factories, demestic service, and as teachers

what was one major reason people moved from rural areas to cities

increased opportunities for work in factories

the social gospel movement emphasized

usin

what was the goal of settlement houses, such as jane Addams hull house

using Christian ethics to address social issues like poverty and inequality

How did industrialization affect leisure and entertainment in cities

it led to the rise of amusement parks, spectator sportsl, and vaudevilled shows

What was the purpose of the Pendleton civil service act

to reform the system of hiring government employees based on merit

What was a major motivation for U.S. imperialism in the late 19th century?

Economic expansion and access to new markets

The Spanish-American War began primarily because:

the u.s supported cuban independence from Spain

Which territories did the U.S. acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War?

puerto Rico, guam, and the the philippines

The sinking of which ship was a major factor in the U.S. entering the Spanish-American War?

USS marine

What role did “yellow journalism” play in the Spanish-American War?

it exaggerated events to increase public support for war

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy?

to allow all nations equal trading rights in china

The annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was primarily driven by:

american business interests in sugar plantations

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that:

the u.s. has the right to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability

What was a key reason for building the Panama Canal?

to provide a faster route between the Atlantic and pacific oceans

The Philippine-American War was fought because:

the u,s, si=iught to annext the Philippines after the Spanish American war

What was the main argument of the Anti-Imperialist League?

imperialism contradicted American democratic values

What strategy did President William Howard Taft use to expand American influence?

dollar diplomacy

What was the goal of Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”?

to spread democracy and human rights

The Platt Amendment gave the U.S. significant control over which country?

ciba

What was one major effect of U.S. imperialism?

the u.s gained territories in the Pacific and caribbean

The Boxer Rebellion was a response to:

foreign influence in china

Why did the U.S. support Panamanian independence from Colombia?

to gain control over the Panama canal zone

Which of the following was NOT a reason for U.S. imperialism?

the need to spread isolationism

What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris (1898)?

it ended the Spanish American war and granted u.s control over several territories

What was one result of the U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War?

the u.s. acquired an overseas empire