BIOL 151 Quiz 5 Terms

  Koch’s Postulates

 

1.       The organism must be present in all disease cases

2.       Can be isolated and maintained in a pure culture

3.       Pure culture can produce the original infection

4.       The organism can be re-isolated from the inoculated/infected animal and cultured again

Endosymbiosis

a relationship where one organism lives within another organism

Endosymbiosis theory

mitochondria originated when an alpha-proteobacteria was engulfed by another cell, and the alpha-proteobacteria survived inside that cell. Each “cell” “benefitted” by the other’s presence

Mitochondria

The powerhouse for generating ATP, has its own DNA and ribosomes

Chloroplasts

photosynthesis hubs;has its own DNA & ribosomes

Nucleus

DNA storage, DNA functions

Ribosomes

translate mRNA to make proteins for the cell including secretion

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER):

lipid synthesis, lipid degradation (detoxification), Ca²⁺ storage

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)

synthesis of proteins bound for plasma membrane or secretion, assembly of vesicles for transport of proteins to organelles

Golgi apparatus

glycosylation of proteins, sorting of proteins, targeting vesicles

Lysosomes

breaks down endocytosed materials and damaged organelles; and signaling

Peroxisomes

• specialized organelles (sER + lysosomes)

• oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds

Vacuoles

cell shape in plants and storage site

Storage of..

o   Dump sites?

o   Water & salts (cell shape)

o   pH regulation

o   nutrients (proteins in seed)

o   noxious materials (e.G., nicotine, caffeine)

o   pigments (colors)

chloroplasts

photosynthesis hubs; has its own DNA & ribosomes