carbohydrates

glycogen

the storage of 18-24 hours worth of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

one sugar; triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose

hexose

most common and most important monosacc

D-galactose

found in dairy, pectin, or beets

D-glucose

a starch breakdown product

d-fructose

found in fruit, sweet potatoes, and honey

disaccharides

2 monosaccs joined together (a molecule of water is lost)

what are common disaccharides?

Maltose, lactose, and sucrose

maltose

2 glucose molecules

lactose

1 glucose and 1 galactose

sucrose

1 glucose and 1 fructose

polysaccharides

a long chain of many glucoses

starch

a polysaccharide found in plants;composed of two glucoses: amylose and amylopectin

glycogen

a pilysaccharide found in animals; similar structure to amylopectin, but w more branches

amylose

1 long unbranched chain of 25-300 glucose

amylopectin

a long chain of glucose with some 1,6 linked side chains

cellulose

contains beta 1,4 linkages which humans do not have the enzyme to breakdown

glucose

primary circulating sugar and major energy source used to produce ATP

gluconeogenesis

formation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose to produce energy