humanities exam 1

The __________________, which we believe is some kind of prehistoric fertility figure, is one of the oldest sculpture known to us.

Venus of Willendorf

Alberto Giacometti's City Square from 1947 engages with _______________.

the existential crisis following two World Wars

What was the function of the Palette of Narmer?

It was a palette used to mix pigments for eye makeup that would be applied to a deity statue.

All of the following statements about Marcel Duchamp's Fountain from 1917 are true EXCEPT:

• It was not a handmade object, but rather a mass produced item submitted to an exhibition of fine art.

• It belongs to an anti-art movement known as Dadaism, which sought to push the boundaries of art by asking the question, "What is art?"

• It represented an upside down urinal.

• It is a sculptural model of the Trevi Fountain in Rome.

Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space belongs to the modern art movement known as _____________, a movement which celebrated the new human potential made possible by the Industrial Revolution.

italian futurism

What was the function of a ka statue such as Seated Khafre?

Ka sculptures were created to house the soul of the deceased pharaoh.

Which detail in the Statue of Liberty symbolizes the end of slavery?

broken chains at her feet

The original title given to the Statue of Liberty was  _______________.

liberty enlightening the world

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of an ideal Egyptian king?

• broad shoulders and muscular torso

• artificial beard

• nemes headdress

• contrapposto pose

To which stylistic period does this sculpture of David belong?

baroque

Sculpture is best defined by the branch of visual arts that ________________________.

operates in three dimensions

The type of sculpture in which figures are represented in complete three-dimensional form and are not attached to a flat background is called _______________.

sculpture in the round

What does this image represent?

a grieving mother in utter despair over losing her child to the war

The _____________ pose, which is the natural shifting of weight to one leg, was developed in Ancient Greece during the Severe period and fully mastered in the Classical period.

contrapposto

All of the following statements about Branly Cadet's sculpture representing Octavius V Catto are true EXCEPT:

• It was erected in 2017 and is the first statue in Philadelphia to represent an African-American.

• It is located in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

• Catto is represented as demonstrating psychological strength.

• A mirrored sphere sits in front of the sculpture allowing the viewer to see his or herself, thus inviting the viewer to self-reflect on the remarkable life of Catto and perhaps Civil Rights issues in general.

Sculpture in which the modeled forms project significantly from the surrounding material is called _______________.

high relief

Which of the following statement about this sculpture is true?

• It's a Hellenistic Greek sculpture representing a male figure who has been defeated.

• It's a Classical Greek sculpture representing a male figure in his prime.

• It's a modern sculpture that rejects Greco-Roman traditions.

• It's a Renaissance sculpture representing the Biblical hero known as David.

Sculpture in which the modeled forms project slightly from the surrounding material is called ________________.

bas relief

Sculpture in which the image is beneath the surface of the material as the outlines of modeled forms are carved into a plane surface is called _______________.

sunken relief

The Kouros figure in Ancient Greece represented ______________.

the ideal male youth

Designed to support the outer walls from the weight of taller ceilings, the ____________ was a new architectural feature invented during the Gothic period.

flying buttresses

The type of architectural plan that takes the shape of a cross is called a _________________ plan,  which was also a helpful design to accommodate crowds of visiting pilgrims.

cruciform

Which of the following can be said about Greek theater architecture?

• Greek theaters utilized archways and barrel vaults through which audiences could enter and exit.

• Theaters did not exist in ancient Greek times.

• Greek theaters were built into the natural landscape

• Greek theaters were arenas where fighting was often to the death.

The oldest type of architectural construction is called ____________ construction, whereby vertical pillars support horizontal beams.

post and lintel

Which of the following structures was originally built as a Christian church and later converted to a mosque?

• Colosseum

• Parthenon

• Hagia Sophia

• Pantheon

Which of the following architectural developments are attributed to the Romans?

• pointed arch, ribbed vault, and stained glass

• arch, barrel vault, dome, and concrete

• arch, dome, flying buttress, and stained glass

• arch, flying buttress, and concrete

Which Greek architectural order has a volute or scroll-looking capital?

ionic

Renaissance architecture returned to which classical architectural feature?

the dome

hypostyle halls

flying buttresses

pointed arches

The sea of columns in ancient Egyptian temples, known as the ___________, represented the marshy chaos out of which the earth was created.

hypostyle hall

Both ______________ and modern skyscrapers shared the competitive desire to be the tallest in the region/world demonstrating wealth, power, and technological abilities.

gothic cathedrals

Which Greek architectural order is characterized by a highly decorative "leafy" capital?

corinthian

Sometimes called deconstructionist architecture, ________________ architecture seems to reject any classical notion of architecture by ignoring elements of symmetry, balance, and harmony. 

postmodern

Prehistoric tombs and structures such as Newgrange and Stonehenge demonstrate these early cultures believed in a spiritual connection to __________ cycles.

solar

An Arabic word meaning 'bench', the royal tombs in Ancient Egypt were originally rectangular superstructures called __________, which later developed into the pyramids.

mastabas

One prototype for the modern-day shopping mall is the _____________, a building constructed for the 1851 World's Fair in London.

crystal palace

Which of the following best describes the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC?

• It represents a general on a tank.

• It represents a general on a horse.

• It is a polished granite wall that cuts into the ground displaying only the engraved names of the veterans who died.

• It features a small group veterans represented in heroic fashion.

The term ________________ refers to a city on a hill, and is often where religious buildings are located.

acropolis

Which of the following best describes the design of the 9/11 Memorial in New York City?

• It consists of a towering sculpture of the twin towers on the footprints of where they once stood.

• It consists of a sculpture made from pieces of debris.

• A design has yet to be agreed upon.

• It has two deeply cascading fountains on the footprint where the Twin Towers once stood.

___________ construction was an important Roman invention because it allowed structures such as aqueducts and bridges to stretch over wider areas of water; it allowed for taller structures such as the Colosseum to be built, and it opened up new possibilities for interior spaces.

arch

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Roman Colosseum?

• All three types of Greek architectural orders were used on the facade.

• It has little or no influence on later stadium architecture.

• The barrel vaults through which spectators entered and exited were called vomitoria.

• Romans held mock maritime battles by filling the arena with water.